In several applications like hoisting equipment and cranes, open gears are used to transmit power at rather low speeds (tangential velocity < 1m/s) with lubrication by grease. In consequence those applications have particularities in terms of lubricating conditions and friction involved, pairing of material between pinion and gear wheel, lubricant supply, loading cycles and behavior of materials with significant contact pressure due to lower number of cycles.
A reader wonders about gears where the tops of the teeth are the bearing surface, as used in spur gear differentials. Do they require any special construction or processing?
More than 100 years ago, gear
manufacturers were facing
a significant challenge from
industry. The incredible advances in
industrialization and transportation that
occurred at the turn of the 20th century
resulted in incredible growth for gear
makers, but there were significant technical
issues. "The lack of process and product
standardization was a continuing
problem in all U.S. industry. The lack
of industry-wide gear standards meant
there were no standard gear tooth sizes,
ratings, quality definition or consistent
manufacturing methods" (Celebrating
100 Years of Gearing, pg. 22).