Max Turci is a consultant in gears and cam mechanisms design. He received his master’s degree in mechanical engineering at University of Bologna in 1996. He began as a CAD manager and he developed X-Camme, a software for the design of cam mechanisms. In 2004, he started working on gears as an application engineer for KISSsoft: now he is the team leader of the Italian technical staff of KISSsoft. His professional experience is primarily in the development of computational models for industrial gearboxes and vehicle transmissions. He is a member of the AGMA worm gear committee and some ISO WG for gears. As a mechanical engineer, he is an expert witness for the civil court.
The closed-loop concept has become widespread in recent years, especially in relation to the Industry 4.0 concept. The term “closed loop” will be used herein to refer to the pairing of specifications and checking (Figure 1) which all ISO standards, starting with ISO 1, the “mother” of all standards, use in relation to GPS (Geometrical Product Specifications).