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Bearings

TECH TALK | 2024-12-12

ABMA Update

You may or may not know that AGMA manages the American Bearing Manufacturers Association, ABMA, similarly to AGMA. Because gears and bearings go together like “peas and carrots!” to borrow a phrase from one of my favorite movies. I thought that the GT audience would like an update on what is going on in the technical division of ABMA.

ADDENDUM | 2024-12-12

Galactic Guidance

Liebherr’s components product segment and mtex antenna technology joined forces in 2023 to provide the antennas for the next generation Very Large Array antennas (ngVLA), which will offer a glimpse into the infinite space reach. 

EVENT | 2024-10-16

The Bearing Show North America/Lubricant Expo North America

The Bearing Show connects the evolving needs of bearings end-users with the latest technologies serving, OEM development, maintenance professionals and R&D engineers. Meet visitors from OEM’s, machine manufacturers, industrial plants, global distributors, and more. Matching the needs of end-users with the innovation and opportunities occurring throughout the supply-chain is essential. 

EVENT | 2024-09-18

Smart Production Solutions (SPS) 2024

With its unique concept, Smart Production Solutions (SPS) covers the entire spectrum of smart and digital automation – from simple sensors to intelligent solutions, from what is feasible today to the vision of a fully digitalized industrial world. SPS, located in Nuremberg, Germany, is an innovative platform for the automation industry with topics on control technology, electric drive systems, HMIs, software, sensors and mechanical infrastructure.

EVENT | 2024-04-12

KISSsoft Basics for Cylindrical Gears, Shafts, Bearings, LTCA, and Intro to KISSdesign

This comprehensive four-day training course blends gear theory and practical experience. Participants will learn about the KISSsoft interface, cylindrical gear theory and strength calculation methods, using the shaft and bearing module, optimization of cylindrical gear macro and micro geometry, verification in Loaded-Tooth Contact Analysis (LTCA), and an introduction to the new system analysis tool, KISSdesign. This course includes a tour of the Gleason Works Rochester facility to experience practical examples on the shop floor. 


PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 2024-04-09

Which Half Are You In?

OK, audience. I’m going to divide you into two groups. Everybody whose company is a member of AGMA, please move over to the left-hand side of the room, and everybody else, please move over to the right.

TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2024-02-16

Morphology of Wear on Tapered-Roller Bearing Roller Ends and Thrust Ribs

This report investigates the wear morphology on the large end of tapered rollers and the inner ring's large end rib on a planet carrier TRB from a multi-megawatt wind turbine gearbox. The literature on abrasive wear has many classifications, including 2-body abrasion, 3-body abrasion, scratches, grooving abrasion, rolling abrasion, cutting abrasion, and plowing abrasion. For this analysis, we have selected grooving abrasion, a common problem in wind turbine gearboxes and a prominent failure mode on many bearings, particularly planetary carrier bearings and planet bearings. Grooving abrasion is frequently observed on cylindrical roller bearings (CRB) and tapered roller bearings (TRB). Fitzsimmons and Clevenger conducted tests on roller end/rib wear for TRBs with contaminated gear oil, and they provided an excellent explanation of the mechanism.

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PRODUCT NEWS | 2023-12-11

Bega Special Tools Quick-Heater Can be Used for Mounting, Dismounting, and Pre-Heating

Bega Special Tools introduces a portable multi-purpose induction heater on the North American market. The MF Quick-Heater 3.0-3.5 kW can be used for mounting, dismounting and pre-heating purposes. Weighing less than 8 kg and fitting in a small carrying case, this easy-to-use but powerful tool is just plugged into the mains 230 V. It can be used in difficult circumstances where other systems are impossible to operate, for instance where there is little space to work in or where no open fire is permitted. The heater’s flexible inductors are ideal for a large variety of parts with a maximum diameter of 120 mm. Application examples can be found in all types of industries. 

TECH TALK | 2023-07-27

ABMA Update

The individual components that go into a power transmission system such as gears, bearings, shafts, seals, fasteners, housings, or lubricant, all affect one another. A small tweak to the design of one may require a cascade of other design changes throughout the system. Because of this, the gear engineer should have some knowledge of the design of components besides gears. To that point, for this month’s article, I’m taking a sidestep from writing about gears to give an update on bearings; components found in nearly every power transmission system.

EVENT | 2023-01-18

Hannover Messe 2023

Hannover Messe picks up on the current trends and provides everyone involved with orientation in times of energy shortages, climate change and supply chain problems. How do you install intelligent energy management and thus create an environment for CO2-neutral production? What are the latest developments surrounding Industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence? And how about the mega-topic hydrogen?

EVENT | 2023-01-17

AGMA Gearbox CSI

A good understanding of individual failure modes and the failure scenarios that led to the actual system failure is an essential skill to designing gear/bearing systems that will operate properly for their full design life. In this course, we will define and explain the nature of many gear and bearing failures and we will also discuss and describe various actual failure scenarios. In addition, a detailed primer on bearing technology prefaces the failure scenario discussions. You will gain a better understanding of various types of gears and bearings. Learn about the limitation and capabilities of rolling element bearings and the gears that they support.  Grasp an understanding of how to properly apply the best gear-bearing combination to any gearbox from simple to complex.

EVENT | 2023-01-12

KISSsoft Training - Basic: Shaft and Bearing Calculation

In the KISSsoft training program until summer 2023, you will find introductory training courses, advanced training courses and special training courses on selected topics. KISSsoft will be offering training in Bubikon, Switzerland and live streams, which will allow you flexibility and planning security, as well as the opportunity to interactively ask questions and participate in discussions in a virtual setting.

EVENT | 2022-06-01

AGMA Gear Materials

Learn what is required for the design of an optimum gear set and the importance of the coordinated effort of the gear design engineer, the gear metallurgist, and the bearing system engineer. Investigate gear-related problems, failures and improved processing procedures. Class hours are from 8:00 am - 5:00 pm.

TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2022-05-19

Defining the Tooth Flank Temperature in High-Speed Gears

The objective of this paper is to improve the methodology for determining the tooth flank temperature. Two methods are proposed for assessing scuffing risk when applying AGMA 925 for high-speed gears. Both methods provide similar results.

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EVENT | 2022-04-13

AGMA Gearbox Systems Design

This course focuses the supporting elements of a gearbox that allow gears and bearings to do their jobs most efficiently. Learn about seals, lubrication, lubricants, housings, breathers, and other details that go into designing gearbox systems.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-11-05

SMT Announces Bearings in MASTA Webinar

SMT’s November webinar discusses the implementation of bearings in MASTA and aims to give an overview of methodology along with ava...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-12-09

The Book of Knowledge

Gears are wonderful things. Unfortunately, they require support from shafts, bearings, and some sort of housing to be useful. Without these things,...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-12-02

The Fun Part

In the last blog posting, I covered the importance of developing a Product Specification and getting all the “stakeholders” to agree on what a succ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-10-21

It All Depends ...

Regular followers of this blog know whenever I say “it all depends,” that I am compelled to credit industry legend Ray Drago for stealing his catch...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-10-14

Closing the Gap

We left the gear tribe arguing over how to solve the problems that were cropping up with the new-fangled double helical or herringbone designs. Fas...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-10-07

Playing the Angles

When we cannot even agree how to pronounce “helical” it should not be a surprise that there is so much confusion about “proper” limits on helix ang...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-08-01

IMTS Future Tech

The Digital Manufacturing Revolution Evolves in 2020 IMTS will offer two comprehensive digital programs, IMTS Network and IMTS Sp...

GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-05-20

Ask the Expert: 5/20/20 Edition

From time to time I’ll be doing some brief Ask the Expert questions and answers. These questions will be on topics that might be very familiar ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-11-14

Building on Solid Ground

Continuing my rant on over-reliance on commercial software The gears are the easy part. My clients and students have grown tired of my ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-09-26

Thoughts on Team Building

The last post suggested constructing a fighting robot machine as a team building exercise. As a sole proprietor for the last eleven years, I am a b...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-08-02

What Makes a Classic Design?

  ...

GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-02-12

Adult Education

Origin Stories Needed

How did you get started in the gear trade? We are interested in sharing your “origin story” as a way of helping hum...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-01-30

From Co-op to Vice President: Octave A. LaBath

I was attending the University of Cincinnati in the college of engineering. After my freshman year in 1960, I started my co-op job with the Cincinn...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-10-25

Changing Bearings

Just as “conventional thinking” h...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-10-18

How to Upgrade a Classic

If you are a f...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-10-16

Is it Worth Upgrading?

GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-10-04

Repairing Gears

Deadlines and budgets do not always allow for “first class” gearbox rebuilds. The challenge for rebuild shops is to find the fastest and most econo...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-09-27

Acceptable Fixes

You do not always have to say “no” when confronted with non-conforming parts. Here are a few “fixes” I have been comfortable authorizing:

GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-09-14

The Usual Suspects

Once you accept that “stuff” happens in even the best of machine shops, you can begin to assess where the problems are likely to occur and start th...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-09-07

KISSsoft Redefines Plain Bearings in Turbo Drives

For shafts with plain bearings, the bearing type “Plain Bearing” can now be redefined. This is especially important for turbo...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-08-16

Gear Design: What is it Going to Cost?

You may not ev...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-08-13

International Gear Conference 2018

Lyon, France. Mechanical transmission components such as gears, rolling element bearings, CVTs, belts, chains, etc. are present in every industrial...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-08-09

Getting Started on a Design

You finally have th...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-07-24

The Gearbox: Known Unknowns

A product spec...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-07-16

Planetary Gears: A Few More Things

Before we move...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-07-05

Planetary Drives: The Same but Different

Those ancient planetary drives I first got involved with in 1979 (
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-06-28

Suns and Planets

The first planetary drive I helped take apart had three stages of through hardened spur gears encased in a simple cast iron tube with plates on both ends. Both input and output shafts rotated on taper roller bearings, but everything else had simple bronze bushings.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-05-18

Parametric Design

One of the scariest things a gear designer can face is a blank sheet of paper. This is why most of our products are “derivative” rather than “revol...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-05-01

Bending the Rules

In my last posting I advised designers to avoid relying on “rules of thumb” or computer coding when confronted with tough decisions. This admonitio...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-04-03

How Much Helix Angle?

The most obvious difference between a spur gear and a helical gear is the presence of that “helix” angle. Civilians will call them “straight-cut” a...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-11-28

Department of Corrections

It was brought to my attention that the graphics used in my recent “herringbone” postings actually show double helical gears. I have a great suppor...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-09-22

KISSsoft Calculations Include Splines, Springs and Plain Hydrodynamic Bearings

KISSsoft's spline calculation now also includes a new function for calculating the strength of involute splined joints according to A...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-08-23

KISSsoft 03/2017 Release Allows Users to Evaluate Reliability of Gear Units, Individual Gears and Rolling Bearings

A function in KISSsoft Release 03/2017 enables you to evaluate the reliability of gear units, individual gears and rolling bearings. ...
ASK THE EXPERT | 2017-05-01

Gear Teeth as Bearing Surfaces

A reader wonders about gears where the tops of the teeth are the bearing surface, as used in spur gear differentials. Do they require any special construction or processing?
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-03-21

Worm Gears: Higher Energy Efficiency and Less Strain on Resources

Introduction The concepts of sustainability and energy efficiency are gaining importance in power transmission engineering. Mor...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2016-09-01

Product News

News on the latest products in the industry.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2016-08-01

IMTS 2016 Booth Previews

Comprehensive descriptions of what you will find in the booths of many leading gear industry suppliers at IMTS 2016.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-06-01

Worm Gear Efficiency Estimation and Optimization

This paper outlines the comparison of efficiencies for worm gearboxes with a center distance ranging from 28 - 150 mm that have single reduction from 5 to 100:1. Efficiencies are calculated using several standards (AGMA, ISO, DIN, BS) or by methods defined in other bibliographic references. It also deals with the measurement of torque and temperature on a test rig — required for the calibration of an analytical model to predict worm gearbox efficiency and temperature. And finally, there are examples of experimental activity (wear and friction measurements on a blockon- ring tribometer and the measurements of dynamic viscosity) regarding the effort of improving the efficiency for worm gear drivers by adding nanoparticles of fullerene shape to standard PEG lubricant
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-05-24

KISSsoft and SKF Collaborate on Rolling Bearings Data

The new version of KISSsoft 03/2016 now contains the very latest data from the "Rolling Bearings" catalog. By cooperation betwe...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-10-22

3-D Printing Follow-Up

My initial skepticism about 3-D printing’s place in the gear industry took a solid hit during a recent visit to a client. I am used to seeing color...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-07-28

Brainstorming to Better Products

Many gear companies are not in a position to develop new products but most of them could make their current products better. Business schools may p...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-06-11

Decisions, Decisions

Twenty years ago, a colleague devoted many hours to developing an all-inclusive computer program that would convert a twenty-question form into fin...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-04-23

Standards of Excellence

Cadillac once proclaimed itself the “Standard of the World” and did its level best to back that claim up with high levels of product quality and cu...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-02-17

It Isn’t a Job. It’s a Passion

[starbox] February 22-28, 2015 is the 64th annual National Engineers’ Week — as established by the National Society of Professional Engineers. The...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-12-04

Overcoming Adversity

[starbox] My last blog concerned project management and the problems of staying on schedule. I thought it only fair to pass on some techniques I...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-10-30

Moving the Goal Posts

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GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-10-02

Adding it All Up

[starbox] So now you’ve seen my “20 Questions” method for employee performance reviews. I’ll make the spreadsheet available through this blog; ple...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-06-12

The Error of Hiding Failures

[starbox] The General Motors ignition switch fiasco remains in the headlines, having cost many lives, millions of dollars, and a number a career...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-05-01

So How Much is This Going to Cost?

[starbox] Estimating is a necessary evil in every shop. Nobody wants to do it, but if it doesn’t get done there is no business. Fortunately, we ...
VOICES | 2013-09-01

Letters to the Editor

Readers respond to our "Job Shop Lean" column and the "My Gear is Bigger than Your Gear" article.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-09-01

Exhibitors Confidential

Gear Expo 2013 product preview features a look at many of the key booths you won't want to miss.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-06-01

Bearings Education - A Lot to Learn

Bearings ain't beanbag. They are complicated. They are big-business. They are often counterfeited. They are used in virtually anything that moves. But it is the "complicated" part that challenges OEMs, job shops and other operations, and, most of all, their employees. Add to that the countless other entities around the world that are intimately involved with bearings and you can arrive at a semblance of an idea of just how important these precious orbs can be to a successful operation.
ASK THE EXPERT | 2013-06-01

Worn Gear Contact Analysis

How does one perform a contact analysis for worn gears? Our expert responds.
EVENTS | 2013-06-01

Liebherr Touts Technology at Latest Gear Seminar

For two days in Saline, Michigan, Liebherr's clients, customers and friends came together to discuss the latest gear products and technology. Peter Wiedemann, president of Liebherr Gear Technology Inc., along with Dr.-Ing. Alois Mundt, managing director, Dr.-Ing. Oliver Winkel, head of application technology, and Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mehr, technology development shaping and grinding, hosted a variety of informative presentations.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2013-01-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the January/February 2013 issue of Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-11-01

Morphology of Micropitting

Understanding the morphology of micropitting is critical in determining the root cause of failure. Examples of micropitting in gears and rolling-element bearings are presented to illustrate morphological variations that can occur in practice.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-09-01

How Bearing Design Improves Gearbox Performance

Gearbox performance, reliability, total cost of ownership (energy cost), overall impact on the environment, and anticipation of additional future regulations are top-of-mind issues in the industry. Optimization of the bearing set can significantly improve gearbox performance.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2012-06-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the June/July 2012 issue of Gear Technology.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2012-06-01

Growing Pains - Renewables Hang on in Turbulent Energy Market

The turbines are still spinning. They’re spinning on large wind farms in the Great Plains, offshore in the Atlantic and even underwater where strong tidal currents offer new energy solutions. These turbines spin regularly while politicians and policy makers— tied up in discussions on tax incentives, economic recovery and a lot of finger pointing—sit idle. Much like the auto and aerospace industries of years past, renewable energy is coping with its own set of growing pains. Analysts still feel confident that clean energy will play a significant role in the future of manufacturing—it’s just not going to play the role envisioned four to five years ago.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2011-09-01

Real-World Job Training the Lean Way -- And Loving It

Make no mistake -- lean manufacturing is here to stay. And no wonder. As a fiercely competitive global economy continues to alter companies’ “Main Street” thinking, that relatively new dynamic is spurring the need for “I-need-it-yesterday” production output. And for increasingly more industries -- big or small -- that means getting as lean as you can, as fast as you can.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-09-01

Analysis of Load Distribution in Planet Gear Bearings

In epicyclic gear sets designed for aeronautical applications, planet gears are generally supported by spherical roller bearings with the bearing outer race integral to the gear hub. This article presents a new method to compute roller load distribution in such bearings where the outer ring can’t be considered rigid.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-11-01

Zerol Bevel Gears: Tribology Aspects in Angular Transmission Systems, Part III

Zerol bevel gears are the special case of spiral bevel gears with a spiral angle of 0°. They are manufactured in a single-indexing face milling process with large cutter diameters, an extra deep tooth profile and tapered tooth depth.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2009-08-01

Steadfast and Streamlined: Can Lean Soften the Economic Blow

Two high-volume gear production cells grace the shop floor at Delta Research Corporation in Livonia, Michigan. Thanks to lean manufacturing, these cells have never shipped a defective part to a customer since they were developed over three years ago.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2009-08-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the August 2009 issue of Gear Technology.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2008-09-01

NASA Gets Down and Dirty for SARJ Solution

For more than 10 months, NASA ground engineers and International Space Station (ISS) astronauts have been struggling with a perplexing malfunction of one of the station’s two solar array rotary joints (SARJ).
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2007-01-09

Steinmeyer Introduces New Ball Bearings

Steinmeyer Inc. announced an addition to its standard line of miniature precision screws ? the "world's smallest commercially availab...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2006-09-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from September/October 2006.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-04-15

SKF’s New Ball Bearings Reduce Noise in Air Handling Applications

SKF? ConCentra ball bearing units for high-speed air handling applications integrate unique concentric locking technology to form a near ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-04-11

SKF’s New Cylindrical Roller Bearings Extend Wind Turbine Gearbox Life

New SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings for wind turbine gearboxes have been engineered to promote longer gearbox service life...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2004-07-01

A Winding Path into the Gear Industry: Falk Corp.

Glancing back now, The Falk Corp. looks to have had a straight path toward power transmission when it opened in 1892.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2003-05-01

Product News

Complete Product News for May/June 2003.
REVOLUTIONS | 2001-03-01

Revolutions

Welcome to Revolutions, the column that brings you the latest, most up-to-date and easy-to-read information about the people and technology of the gear industry.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2000-05-01

A Modular Approach to Computing Spiral Bevel Gears and Curvic Couplings

In general, bevel gears and curvic couplings are completely different elements. Bevel gears rotate on nonintersecting axis with a ratio based on the number of teeth. Curvic couplings work like a clutch (Fig. 1).
PRODUCT NEWS | 1999-05-01

Product News

Welcome to our Product News page. Here we feature new products of interest to the gear and gear products markets.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1995-11-01

QS - 9000 Rules

Ready or not, QS-9000 is here. If you are a first-tier supplier to one of the Big Three automotive companies, you've already heard that compliance with this new quality standard is now an entry-level requirement for doing business with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler. If you're a second-or third-tier supplier, you can expect the ripple effect of this new standard to hit your company one way or another.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1995-07-01

How to Avoid Errors When Measuring Step Gears

There are problems in dimensional measurement that should be simple to solve with standard measuring procedures, but aren't. In such cases, using accepted practices may result in errors of hundreds of microns without any warning that something is wrong.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1993-01-01

High Technology Hobs

Today's high technology hobs are visible different from their predecessors. Gear hobs have taken on a different appearance and function with present day technology and tool and material development. This article shows the newer products being offered today and the reasons for investigating their potential for use in today's modern gear hobbers, where cost reduction and higher productivity are wanted.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1992-11-01

1992 Marks Important Gear Design Milestone: Lewis Bending Strenth Equations Now 100 Years old

Columbus' first voyage to the Americas is not the only anniversary worthy of celebration this year. In 1892, on October 15, Wilfred Lewis gave an address to the Engineer's Club of Philadelphia, whose significance, while not as great as that of Columbus' voyage, had important results for the gearing community. In this address, Lewis first publicly outlined his formula for computing bending stress in gear teeth, a formula still in use today.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-11-01

Tooth Contact Shift in Loaded Spiral Bevel Gears

An analytical method is presented to predict the shifts of the contact ellipses on spiral bevel gear teeth under load. The contact ellipse shift is the motion of the point to its location under load. The shifts are due to the elastic motions of the gear and pinion supporting shafts and bearings. The calculations include the elastic deflections of the gear shafts and the deflections of the four shaft bearings. The method assumes that the surface curvature of each tooth is constant near the unloaded pitch point. Results from these calculations will help designers reduce transmission weight without seriously reducing transmission performance.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-07-01

Comparing Surface Failure Modes in Bearings and Gears: Appearances vs. Mechanisms

In the 1960's and early 1970's, considerable work was done to identify the various modes of damage that ended the lives of rolling element bearings. A simple summary of all the damage modes that could lead to failure is given in Table 1. In bearing applications that have insufficient or improper lubricant, or have contaminants (water, solid particles) or poor sealing, failure, such as excessive wear or vibration or corrosion, may occur, rather than contact fatigue. Usually other components in the overall system besides bearings also suffer. Over the years, builders of transmissions, axles, and gear boxes that comprise such systems have understood the need to improve the operating environment within such units, so that some system life improvements have taken place.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1992-03-01

Our Experts Discuss Hobbing Ridges, Crooked Gear Teeth, and Crown Shaving

Question: When cutting worm gears with multiple lead stock hobs we find the surface is "ridged". What can be done to eliminate this appearance or is to unavoidable?
VOICES | 1991-11-01

Viewpoint

Dear Editor: In Mr. Yefim Kotlyar's article "Reverse Engineering" in the July/August issue, I found an error in the formula used to calculate the ACL = Actual lead from the ASL = Assumed lead.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1991-05-01

Misalignment No Beauty in Gearsets

When we have problems with gearset failure, a common diagnosis is misalignment. What exactly is that and how do we prevent it? The second most common "killer" of good gear sets is misalignment (dirt, or abrasive wear, is first). Gear teeth simply won't carry the load if they don't touch, and the portion that does touch has to carry an overload to make up for the missing contact area.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1990-09-01

Involute Splines

Engineering design requires many different types of gears and splines. Although these components are rather expensive, subject to direct wear, and difficult to replace, transmissions with gears and splines are required for two very simple reasons: 1) Motors have an unfavorable (disadvantageous) relation of torque to number of revolutions. 2)Power is usually required to be transmitted along a shaft.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 1989-09-01

Editorial

From tiny beginnings, the AGMA Gear Expo is growing into a fine, strapping show. This year's effort, Gear Expo '89, "The Cutting Edge," will be bigger and better than ever. What started as a few tabletop exhibits in Chicago four years ago has now grown to a full-size, international exhibition at the David Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh. With over 160 exhibitors, including major gear manufacturers and suppliers from around the world, this year's show promises to be a great success as well.
EVENTS | 1989-05-01

Technical Calendar

May 18-21. AGMA Annual Meeting, "The Changing World of Gears." Loews Ventana Canyon Resort, Tucson, AZ. July 12-14, 1989. ASM international Conference on Carburizing. Sheraton Hotel & Conference Center, Lakewood, CO. September 12-20, 1989. European Machine Tool Show, Hannover, West Germany.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 1989-01-01

Leonardo, the Engineer

These lines, interesting enough, are from the notebooks of an artist whose images are part of the basic iconography of Western culture. Even people who have never set foot in a museum and wouldn't know a painting by Corregio from a sculpture by Calder, recognize the Mona Lisa. But Leonardo da Vinci was much more than an artist. He was also a man of science who worked in anatomy, botany, cartography, geology, mathematics, aeronautics, optics, mechanics, astronomy, hydraulics, sonics, civil engineering, weaponry and city planning. There was little in nature that did not interest Leonardo enough to at least make a sketch of it. Much of it became a matter of lifelong study. The breadth of his interests, knowledge, foresight, innovation and imagination is difficult to grasp.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1988-09-01

Crowned Spur Gears: Optimal Geometry and Generation

Involute spur gears are very sensitive to gear misalignment. Misalignment will cause the shift of the bearing contact toward the edge of the gear tooth surfaces and transmission errors that increase gear noise. Many efforts have been made to improve the bearing contact of misaligned spur gears by crowning the pinion tooth surface. Wildhaber(1) had proposed various methods of crowning that can be achieved in the process of gear generation. Maag engineers have used crowning for making longitudinal corrections (Fig. 1a); modifying involute tooth profile uniformly across the face width (Fig. 1b); combining these two functions in Fig. 1c and performing topological modification (Fig. 1d) that can provide any deviation of the crowned tooth surface from a regular involute surface. (2)
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-07-01

Effect of MoS2 Films on Scoring Resistance of Gears

Gears are currently run at high speed and under high load. It is a significant problem to develop lubricants and gears with high load-carrying capacity against scoring. The particles of molybdenum disulfide have been considered to increase the scoring resistance of the gears. The wear characteristics and the scoring resistance of the gears lubricated with MoS2 paste and MoS2 powder have been investigated. (1) However, there are few investigations on the performance of the gears coated with MoS2 film with respect to scoring.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-03-01

CNC Gear Shaping

Two major processes used for cutting gears, hobbing and shaping. This article describes advanced machine design and cutter materials for gear shaping.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-05-01

The Design and Manufacture of Machined Plastic Gears

The use of plastic gearing is increasing steadily in new products. This is due in part to the availability of recent design data. Fatigue stress of plastic gears as a function of diametral pitch, pressure angle, pitch line velocity, lubrication and life cycles are described based on test information. Design procedures for plastic gears are presented.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 1984-10-01

Notes from the Editor's Desk

History comes around full circle. It is interesting to talk to gear manufacturers who service the defense, aerospace, automotive and computer industries and find that their sales, production and backlogs reflect excellent and, in some cases, record breaking business.
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