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Gas carburizing has been around for a long time. One could argue that gas carburizing is the most common heat treating process. Heat treaters performing gas carburizing are often characterized by a dirty environment, hazy surroundings, and that “smell.” While the product quality may be acceptable, gas carburized parts do come with some challenges, like excessive intergranular oxidation (IGO) or intergranular attack (IGA), which is often ground off. Low-pressure carburizing (LPC) has proven to be a much cleaner and very capable alternative process. Most furnace companies have combined LPC with high pressure gas quenching, which moved carburizing from the dark back room to a relatively “clean room” environment. However, there is still a strong need for oil quenching, which is the common feature of the long used standard integral-quench (IQ) furnace.
Gears must be manufactured to withstand extreme forces and challenging conditions, so hardness testing to determine material integrity is key. Understanding the different hardness testing types and systems can be useful to determine an optimal solution. Hardness testing functionality has evolved and now users can dial into world-class caliber instrumentation which more closely aligns with their applications at hand.
Fully electric vehicle drives usually require two-stage, non-switchable transmissions. One would think that this greatly simplifies the production. Finally, the described transmission structure has just four gears, distributed on the drive shaft, the second stage with fixed wheel and intermediate shaft as well as the axle drive wheel. But the conditions are not that simple: First of all, the engine speeds of the electric drive with up to 16,000 rpm are much higher than those of the combustion engine. For this purpose, electric motors deliver an almost constant torque over a wide speed range. Unlike the combustion engine, it is already attached to the transmission from zero speed. In addition, there is an additional boundary condition that makes production much more demanding than with the conventional powertrain.
Supply chain constraints and fast-rising commodity prices are taking their toll. Here’s how one Midwest producer of bronze gear blanks is helping gear manufacturers ”re-shore” — and shorten the distance from bronze blank to finished gear.
Supply chain constraints and fast-rising commodity prices are taking their toll. Here’s how one Midwest producer of bronze gear blanks is helping gear manufacturers ”re-shore”—and shorten the distance from bronze blank to finished gear.
In the manufacturing business, there are a great number of variables that factor into the formula for success. I’m sure all would agree on the basics, including competitive capabilities, quality and pricing. Obviously, you must have a wellequipped facility, good people and efficient systems. However, I’d like to suggest that there is another variable that must not be overlooked.
Standardized methods, like AGMA 2001-D04 or ISO 6336 for the calculation of the load carrying capacities of gears are intentionally conservative to ensure broad applicability in industrial practice. However, new applications and higher requirements often demand more detailed design calculations nowadays; for example: long operating lives in wind power gearboxes or fewer gear stages and higher speeds in e-mobility applications result in higher load cycles per tooth in a gearbox.
The Art of the Brick (AOTB) is a LEGO exhibition combining art, science and innovation to inspire visitors of all ages currently on display at the Museum of Science and Industry (MSI) in Chicago.
As part of a $2 million National Science Foundation Grant, robots from Kuka Robotics are helping the University of Michigan (U of M) advance research that could result in robots working side-by-side with humans on building construction sites. The research involves three KUKA KR Quantec robots along with the company’s robot sensor interface (RSI) software, all of which will allow human workers to use interactive task learning technology to teach the robots to perform construction tasks.
Camilla Nevstad Bruzelius, currently deputy head of the global agenda department at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, has been appointed head of sustainable business at Sandvik Coromant as of March 21, 2022.