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Bevel Gears


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| 2025-02-24

See the Big Picture for Small Gears

New Phoenix® 100C Bevel Gear Cutting Machine for dry and wet cutting of straight and spiral bevel gears up to 100 mm (3.94”) OD combines maximum productivity and quality with ease of operation and minimum floorspace – with or without integrated automation. Complemented by the intuitive GEMS® HMI, precision workholding, and different cutter systems, it lets you focus on the big picture.

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2024-07-23

Understanding Bevel Gear Grinding

The world of bevel gear grinding is a complex topic. How do you determine which grinding and dressing parameters to select for a desired surface finish? What type of grinding wheel should be used? What type of dresser should be used? How do all these factors affect the gear noise and quality levels? These are some questions that will be addressed in this article.

TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2024-07-23

Bevel Gear Speed Increasers

For cylindrical gears, speed-increasing transmission stages are well known, and regarding profile shift, preferred pressure angles, and helix angles a set of rules applies, which is not much different from the rules for speed reducers. It is important to acknowledge that basically, a speed increaser has to be designed just like a speed reducer, but then the gear with the lower number of teeth is the output. Of course, the torque and the speed of the gear with the lower number of teeth (output) and the gear with the higher number of teeth (input) must be the same as if this transmission was used as a speed reducer. In the case of straight bevel gears, spiral bevel gears, and hypoid gears the same rules apply with some additions. Spiral bevel gears have many applications as speed increasers.  

EVENT | 2024-04-12

Gleason Gear Process Theory Cylindrical and Bevel Gears

Attendees will gain familiarization with spur, helical, bevel and hypoid gear nomenclature, the use of various cutting methods in Gleason machines as well as the tooling and processes used in gear manufacturing. Topics include gear classification, cutting methods, blank tolerances and configurations, inspection, testing, and workholding. 


TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2023-10-05

Process and Tool Design Optimization for Hypoid Gears with the Help of the Manufacturing Simulation BevelCut

As the challenges in bevel and hypoid gear manufacturing need to be addressed, the objective of this paper is to show the tool and process design can be optimized based on the results of the manufacturing simulation BevelCut.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-09-12

Bevel Gears India's Role in the Chandrayaan-3 Moon Landing Mission

On August 23, 2023, India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission made a successful landing on the southern part of the moon near the crater Manzinus. We were able to catch up with Mushtaq Jamal, vice president of engineering and business development at Bevel Gears India Pvt Ltd (BGI), to discuss BGI's role in this monumental achievement for India. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-02-13

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Forest City Gear

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our seventh installment online is an interview with Kika Young, president, and Jared Lyford, director of manufacturing operations at Forest City Gear (FCG). 

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INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-01-30

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Klingelnberg

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our second installment online is an interview with Christof Gorgels, vice president, innovation and technology at Klingelnberg. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-01-27

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Gleason Corporation

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our first installment online is an interview with Udo Stolz, vice president of sales and marketing at Gleason Corporation.

TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2021-08-01

Psychoacoustic Flank Form Optimizations

Higher order flank form optimizations and motion transmission characteristic.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-04-26

ANCA Provides Complete Skiving Cutter Solution for EV Transmissions

ANCA's TX and MX machines offer skiving cutter sharpening

TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2021-03-01

Introduction to Pericyclic Transmissions

Pericyclic transmissions: how they work.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-02-22

Fatigue Strength and Service Calculation of Gears

Bevel gear design is well-established. Flank geometry optimization is used worldwide to ensure satisfactory low-noise emis...

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-01-27

Kordel Selects EMAG for Finish Machining of Bevel Gears

Solutions for the demanding production of transmission components - this statement sums up the demanding task required of Kordel, headqua...
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TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2020-09-01

Spiral-Bevel Gear Noise: An Approach to Solving In-Field Issues

Gear noise is a common evil any gear manufacturer must live with. It is often low enough not to be a major problem but, at times, gear whining may appear and then, tracking the source and, especially, curing the ill can be tricky at best.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2020-08-01

Double Differential for Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Transmissions

There's never been a better time to put the spotlight on e-drive transmissions and electric vehicles. They're obviously not just coming: they're already here. Just check out any auto show or showroom. That's why Gear Technology magazine is pleased to present the first installment in a series of chapters excerpted from Dr. Hermann J. Stadtfeld's newest book, "E-Drive Transmission Guide - New solutions for electric- and hybrid transmission vehicles."
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-06-30

EMAG VL 1 TWIN Lowers Unit Cost for Bevel Gears

Bevel gears found in passenger vehicles are mass-produced. Supply companies produce these gears, essential for differentials, by the mill...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2020-06-01

Converting Revacycle to Coniflex

Mathematically precise tooth surface definition and contact analysis help to develop state-of-the-art straight bevel gears for many industrial applications. The new Coniflex-Plus manufacturing process utilizes high-speed dry cutting with production times per slot which are about twice compared to the fast Revacycle process.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2020-05-01

Prototyping on Bevel Gear Cutting and Grinding Machines

Why Prototyping with End-mills on Bevel Gear Machines? Manufacturing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears can be conducted in several ways.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-04-22

Happy Earth Day!

Today is the 50th anniversary of Earth Day. It was fairly big news for me back in 1970 as one of its founders was a U.S. Senator from my home state...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2020-03-01

Analyzing Bevel Gear Damage Prediction Over Operating Life

FVA software offers simulation and calculation of transmission systems.
ASK THE EXPERT | 2020-03-01

Shaft Positioning Tolerances for Bevel Gears

We know that for cylindrical gears we have the standard DIN 3964 for defining deviations of shaft center distance and shaft position tolerances of casings. And for bevel gears? Is there some specific standard for defining deviations of center distance and shaft position tolerances of casings (orthogonal shafts), as DIN 3964 do?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-11-01

Reverse Cutter Hand for Face Milling and Face Hobbing

Is a left-hand cutter required for a left-hand face mill part?
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-09-26

Thoughts on Team Building

The last post suggested constructing a fighting robot machine as a team building exercise. As a sole proprietor for the last eleven years, I am a b...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2019-09-01

Show Stoppers

Motion + Power Technology Expo VIP Exhibitors special advertising section.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-08-13

Gear Origins: Roman Cisek

I was lucky to get a job as a design engineer – drive train department with a big construction equipment manufacturer (HSW) in Poland, right after ...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-08-01

Optimizing the Operational Behavior of Bevel Gears Using a Tolerance Field-Based Approach

The authors use data analysis to determine which tolerances have the greatest effect on transmission error, enabling them to make adjustments and reduce production costs.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-07-01

Bevel Gear Blank Drawing Procedure

With this first installment we begin a series of randomly excerpted chapters from Dr. Hermann J. Stadtfeld's new book — Practical Gear Engineering.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-06-18

Claude Gosselin: Gears — Why Not?

When I graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1978, I landed a job in the “cold section” at Pratt & Whitney Canada (PWC) in Montreal. In those d...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2019-06-01

Fine Grinding on Klingelnberg Bevel Gear Grinding Machines

One way to implement the growing performance requirements for transmissions is by optimizing the surface finish of the gearing. In addition to increasing the flank load capacity and the transmittable torque, this also allows for improvements in efficiency. On Oerlikon bevel gear grinding machines from Klingelnberg, fine grinding can be implemented efficiently in bevel gear production - even in an industrial serial process.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-06-01

Method for High Accuracy Cutting Blade Inspection

Inspection of the cutting blades is an important step in the bevel gear manufacture. The proper blade geometry ensures that the desired gear tooth form can be achieved. The accuracy of the process can be compromised when the blade profile consists of several small sections such as protuberance, main profile, top relief and edge radius. Another common obstacle - are outliers which can be caused by dust particles, surface roughness and also floor vibrations during the data acquisition. This paper proposes the methods to improve the robustness of the inspection process in such cases.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-05-24

Finding the Limits

Jim Richard’s account of his journey from youthful experimenter to designer of cutting edge gear processing equipment illustrates the amazing thing...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-05-09

My Story – Bob Handschuh

Most of us only think of NASA with regard to the “S” [Space] in its acronym. The first “A” [Aerospace] is just as important to its mission of s...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-04-16

Joe Arvin — My Story

Today’s origin story is by one of the true “good guys” in our trade. I first met Joe in 1989 when I was job hunting. He could tell I was in a b...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-01-30

From Co-op to Vice President: Octave A. LaBath

I was attending the University of Cincinnati in the college of engineering. After my freshman year in 1960, I started my co-op job with the Cincinn...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-01-01

Large Bevel Gears for Crushing Applications

Large bevel gears drive the crushing machines used to process ores and minerals in the hard-rock mining and aggregates industries. This paper is intended to help the reader understand the unique aspects of these machines, and why crushing applications fall outside the traditional automotive paradigm for bevel gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-01-01

CNC Milling of Straight and Spiral Bevel Gears

Contrary to what appears to be popular belief, 5-axis CNC gear manufacturing is not limited to milling with end mill, ball mill or CoSIMT (Conical Side Milling Tool — it is the generic form of the Sandvik InvoMill and Gleason UpGear tools.) tools, where throughput is too low to prevent production at any significant level. Straight and spiral bevel gear manufacturing on 5-axis CNC machines using face mill cutters provides essentially the same throughput as conventional gear cutting machines — with added benefits.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2018-11-01

PentacMono-RT: High-Performance Face Milling Cutter Heads

The theory behind the latest bevel gear cutting tools is explained in detail.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-09-20

Frequently Asked Questions

Backlash “adju...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-09-04

Gearbox Design: Let the Fun Begin

It is perfectl...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2018-09-01

First Part Right - Fiction or Reality

This paper analyzes the different influences of the deviations between nominal and actual geometry for a first-cut bevel gear. In each section, the customary tolerances are quantified and the possibilities to reduce them are discussed.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2018-09-01

Deburring - The Underestimated Task

Deburring or chamfering of gear teeth is gaining attention in practical settings. And with a view to make the production sequence as efficient as possible, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to implement the deburring tasks directly on the cutting machine after spiral cutting.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-08-13

International Gear Conference 2018

Lyon, France. Mechanical transmission components such as gears, rolling element bearings, CVTs, belts, chains, etc. are present in every industrial...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2018-08-01

UNIMILL for Prototype and Small-Batch Bevel Gear Manufacturing

UNIMILL is a milling method for the manufacture of prototype bevel gears using end mills or disk cutters.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-03-27

Filling in the Gaps

A few weeks ago, I admitted to not knowing much about the Klingelnberg system of bevels. Terry Edwards, chief designer at Pacific Star Marine in Br...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-03-22

Worm Basics - Part 2

Continuing our discussion of the “least you need to know” about worm gearing: 5. Efficiency is highly variable for worms. If it is critical to y...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-03-13

Bevel Buzzwords

Does technical lingo confuse you? If so, welcome to the bevel gear sector and its special kind of hell. The same “system” that benefited from stand...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-03-08

The Old Family Recipe

Continuing with bevel gears… As a beginning gear guy, I was very content to leave the bevel gear design to the experts...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-03-06

Nothing Remains Constant

We cannot leave our lesson about tooth depths without covering bevel gears. There is a tendency to think of bevels and worms as being best left to ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-12-12

Engineering Safety (Part One)

Watching the movie Deepwater Horizon got me thinking about current attitudes on workplace safety. (Full disclosure — I am a bit of a cr...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-11-28

Department of Corrections

It was brought to my attention that the graphics used in my recent “herringbone” postings actually show double helical gears. I have a great suppor...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2017-11-01

Three-Face Blade Technology

The author compares the standard two-face blade technology with the three-face blade technology for manufacturing bevel gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2017-07-01

MicroPulse and MicroShift for Ground Bevel Gearsets

Grinding of bevel and hypoid gears creates on the surface a roughness structure with lines that are parallel to the root. Imperfections of those lines often repeat on preceding teeth, leading to a magnification of the amplitudes above the tooth mesh frequency and their higher harmonics. This phenomenon is known in grinding and has led in many cylindrical gear applications to an additional finishing operation (honing). Until now, in bevel and hypoid gear grinding, a short time lapping of pinion and gear after the grinding operation, is the only possibility to change the surface structure from the strongly root line oriented roughness lines to a diffuse structure.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2017-06-01

Surface Structure Shift for Ground Bevel Gears

Ground bevel and hypoid gears have a designed motion error that defines parts of their NVH behavior. The surface structure is defined by the hard finishing process.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-05-30

Leadership or Management?

My last post mentioned the big changes in the gear industry during my 47 year tenure, and the importance of visionary leadership. I have come to un...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-04-19

Convergence in Design

One of the old car magazines I subscribe to has had an ongoing discussion on left-hand- threaded wheel studs. At one time the engineering community...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-04-13

Fundamentals of Maintenance

Modern cars and trucks are wonderfully reliable and durable. As much as I love old cars I cannot cleanse my memory of the heartbreaking behavior th...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-03-21

Worm Gears: Higher Energy Efficiency and Less Strain on Resources

Introduction The concepts of sustainability and energy efficiency are gaining importance in power transmission engineering. Mor...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-02-21

Unreasonable Backlash

Not to worry — no politics here. The “backlash” I want to talk about is the “lost motion” in gear systems. It sometimes seems to rile people up alm...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-12-15

Repair, Replace, or Rebuild?

      I enjoy watching car auctions on cable television. Some of my enjoyment comes from the commen...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-12-01

Flexibility and Capability as a Goal

My last blog discussed the age-old question of specialization vs. adaptability. You do not need a long memory to understand just how powerful speci...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-11-01

Influence of Topography Deviations on the Psychoacoustic Evaluation of Ground Bevel Gears

In the design process of transmissions, one major criterion is the resulting noise emission of the powertrain due to gear excitation. Within the past years, much investigation has shown that the noise emission can be attributed to quasi-static transmission error. Therefore, the transmission error can be used for a tooth contact analysis in the design process, as well as a characteristic value for quality assurance by experimental inspections.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-11-01

Optimal Flank Forms for Large Bevel Gears

At first sight the appearance of 5-axis milling for bevel gears opens new possibilities in flank form design. Since in comparison to existing machining methods applying cutter heads no kinematic restrictions exist for 5-axis milling technology, any flank form can be machined. Nevertheless the basic requirements for bevel gears did not change. Specifications and functional requirements like load carrying capacity and running behavior are still increasing demands for design and manufacturing. This paper describes the demands for gear design and gives an overview about different design principles in the context of the surrounding periphery of the gear set.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-10-18

KISSsoft Determines Misalignment of Bevel Gears in Latest Update

The relative position of the pinion and the ring gear is critical in determining the wear patterns of bevel gears. To determine the bevel...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-08-23

Time for the Clan to Gather

  Has your e-mail inbox been full lately? It is a sure sign that the International Machine Tool Show (IMTS) is rapidly approaching. This ye...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-08-02

Standing on the Shoulders of Giants

  Our Facebook page recently displayed some great vintage photos of the old Mesta Machine shop. Back when American firms built the biggest ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-07-20

Covering All Angles

Klingelnberg Hosts 6th WZL Gear Conference in the USA 2016  Matthew Jaster, Senior Editor ...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-06-01

Worm Gear Efficiency Estimation and Optimization

This paper outlines the comparison of efficiencies for worm gearboxes with a center distance ranging from 28 - 150 mm that have single reduction from 5 to 100:1. Efficiencies are calculated using several standards (AGMA, ISO, DIN, BS) or by methods defined in other bibliographic references. It also deals with the measurement of torque and temperature on a test rig — required for the calibration of an analytical model to predict worm gearbox efficiency and temperature. And finally, there are examples of experimental activity (wear and friction measurements on a blockon- ring tribometer and the measurements of dynamic viscosity) regarding the effort of improving the efficiency for worm gear drivers by adding nanoparticles of fullerene shape to standard PEG lubricant
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-06-01

Bevel Gear Cutting Methods

THE FINAL CHAPTER This is the last in the series of chapters excerpted from Dr. Hermann J. Stadtfeld's Gleason Bevel Gear Technology - a book written for specialists in planning, engineering, gear design and manufacturing. The work also addresses the technical information needs of researchers, scientists and students who deal with the theory and practice of bevel gears and other angular gear systems. While all of the above groups are of course of invaluable importance to the gear industry, it is surely the students who hold the key to its future. And with that knowledge it is reassuring to hear from Dr. Stadtfeld of the enthusiastic response he has received from younger readers of these chapter installments.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-05-01

Rules for Optimal Basic Design of Bevel Gears

Bevel Gear Technology Chapter 6
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-03-01

Practical Gear Characteristics: Process Characteristics of the Most Popular Cutting Methods

The cutting process consists of either a roll only (only generating motion), a plunge only or a combination of plunging and rolling. The material removal and flank forming due to a pure generating motion is demonstrated in the simplified sketch in Figure 1 in four steps. In the start roll position (step 1), the cutter profile has not yet contacted the work. A rotation of the work around its axis (indicated by the rotation arrow) is coupled with a rotation of the cutter around the axis of the generating gear (indicated by the vertical arrow) and initiates a generating motion between the not-yet-existing tooth slot of the work and the cutter head (which symbolizes one tooth of the generating gear).
ASK THE EXPERT | 2016-03-01

Hard-Finishing Spiral Bevel Gears

Could you explain to me the difference between spiral bevel gear process face hobbing-lapping, face milling-grinding and Klingelnberg HPG? Which one is better for noise, load capacity and quality?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-01-01

The Importance of Profile Shift, Root Angle Correction and Cutter Head Tilt

Chapter 2, Continued In the previous sections, development of conjugate, face milled as well as face hobbed bevel gearsets - including the application of profile and length crowning - was demonstrated. It was mentioned during that demonstration that in order to optimize the common surface area, where pinion and gear flanks have meshing contact (common flank working area), a profile shift must be introduced. This concluding section of chapter 2 explains the principle of profile shift; i.e. - how it is applied to bevel and hypoid gears and then expands on profile side shift, and the frequently used root angle correction which - from its gear theoretical understanding - is a variable profile shift that changes the shift factor along the face width. The end of this section elaborates on five different possibilities to tilt the face cutter head relative to the generating gear, in order to achieve interesting effects on the bevel gear flank form. This installment concludes chapter 2 of the Bevel Gear Technology book that lays the foundation of the following chapters, some of which also will be covered in this series.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-11-01

Development of Usable Bevel Gearset with Length and Profile Crowning

In the previous sections, the development of conjugate bevel gearsets via hand calculations was demonstrated. The goal of this exercise was to encourage the reader to gain a basic understanding of the theory of bevel gears. This knowledge will help gear engineers to better judge bevel gear design and their manufacturing methods. In order to make the basis of this learning experience even more realistic, this chapter will convert a conjugate bevel gearset into a gearset that is suitable in a real-world application. Length and profile crowning will be applied to the conjugate flank surfaces. Just as in the previous chapter, all computations are demonstrated as manual hand calculations. This also shows that bevel gear theory is not as complicated as commonly assumed.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-09-01

Development of a Face Hobbed Spiral Bevel Gearset

This article is the fourth installment in Gear Technology's series of excerpts from Dr. Hermann J. Stadtfeld's book, Gleason Bevel Gear Technology. The first three excerpts can be found in our June, July and August 2015 issues. In the previous chapter, we demonstrated the development of a face-milled spiral bevel gearset. In this section, an analogue face-hobbed bevel gearset is derived.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2015-08-21

Suhner Spiral Bevel Gears Offer High Power, Low Backlash and Low Noise

Each year, increased engine and motor power require more powerful angle gear heads. Engineers in the tool-making and industrial hand too...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-08-01

Gear Mathematics for Bevel & Hypoid Gears

The calculation begins with the computation of the ring gear blank data. The geometrically relevant parameters are shown in Figure 1. The position of the teeth relative to the blank coordinate system of a bevel gear blank is satisfactorily defined with...
ASK THE EXPERT | 2015-06-01

Gear mesh, NVH Evaluation

The question is quite broad, as there are different methods for setting various types of gears and complexity of gear assemblies, but all gears have a few things in common.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-04-09

How Much is Too Much?

My inner curmudgeon got loose in the last blog and I want to assure you that I, too, love big horsepower. My concern is that it be applied safely. ...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-03-01

A Practical Approach for Modeling a Bevel Gear

The geometry of the bevel gear is quite complicated to describe mathematically, and much of the overall surface topology of the tooth flank is dependent on the machine settings and cutting method employed. AGMA 929-A06 — Calculation of Bevel Gear Top Land and Guidance on Cutter Edge Radius — lays out a practical approach for predicting the approximate top-land thicknesses at certain points of interest — regardless of the exact machine settings that will generate the tooth form. The points of interest that AGMA 929-A06 address consist of toe, mean, heel, and point of involute lengthwise curvature. The following method expands upon the concepts described in AGMA 929-A06 to allow the user to calculate not only the top-land thickness, but the more general case as well, i.e. — normal tooth thickness anywhere along the face and profile of the bevel gear tooth. This method does not rely on any additional machine settings; only basic geometry of the cutter, blank, and teeth are required to calculate fairly accurate tooth thicknesses. The tooth thicknesses are then transformed into a point cloud describing both the convex and concave flanks in a global, Cartesian coordinate system. These points can be utilized in any modern computer-aided design software package to assist in the generation of a 3D solid model; all pertinent tooth macrogeometry can be closely simulated using this technique. A case study will be presented evaluating the accuracy of the point cloud data compared to a physical part.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-11-11

The War to End All Wars

[starbox] As the son of a World War II sailor, I was raised with an honest respect for our nation’s veterans. The massive size of WW II and its ...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2014-09-01

Less Energy Consumption with High-Efficiency Bevel Gears and their Usage in the U.S.

The efficiency of a gearbox is the output energy divided by the input energy. It depends on a variety of factors. If the complete gearbox assembly in its operating environment is observed, then the following efficiency influencing factors have to be considered
ASK THE EXPERT | 2014-08-01

Importance of Contact Pattern in Assembly of Bevel vs Cylindrical Gears

Why is there so much emphasis on the tooth contact pattern for bevel gears in the assembled condition and not so for cylindrical gears, etc?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2014-08-01

Setting Load Parameters for Viable Fatigue Testing of Gears in Powertrain Axles Part I: Single-Reduction Axles

This presentation introduces a new procedure that - derived from exact calculations - aids in determining the parameters of the validation testing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears in single-reduction axles.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-06-20

The Invisibles: People Who Keep Shops Running

[starbox] I happened to catch an interview with author David Zwieg about his new book, The Invisibles: The Power of Anonymous Workers (...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-06-17

School’s Out for Summer?

[starbox] June has always been a favorite month for me because it signaled the start of summer vacation. In the many years since I graduated hig...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-05-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the May 2014 issue of Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2013-06-01

New Methods for the Calculation of the Load Capacity of Bevel and Hypoid Gears

Flank breakage is common in a number of cylindrical and bevel gear applications. This paper introduces a relevant, physically based calculation method to evaluate flank breakage risk vs. pitting risk. Verification of this new method through testing is demonstrably shown.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2013-06-01

How to Design and Install Bevel Gears for Optimum Performance - Lessons Learned

Bevel gears must be assembled in a specific way to ensure smooth running and optimum load distribution between gears. While it is certainly true that the "setting" or "laying out" of a pair of bevel gears is more complicated than laying out a pair of spur gears, it is also true that following the correct procedure can make the task much easier. You cannot install bevel gears in the same manner as spur and helical gears and expect them to behave and perform as well; to optimize the performance of any two bevel gears, the gears must be positioned together so that they run smoothly without binding and/or excessive backlash.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-10-01

Repair of High-Value, High-Demand Spiral Bevel Gears by Superfinishing

Following is a report on the R&D findings regarding remediation of high-value, high-demand spiral bevel gears for the UH–60 helicopter tail rotor drivetrain. As spiral bevel gears for the UH–60 helicopter are in generally High-Demand due to the needs of new aircraft production and the overhaul and repair of aircraft returning from service, acquisition of new spiral bevel gears in support of R&D activities is very challenging. To compensate, an assessment was done of a then-emerging superfinishing method—i.e., the micromachining process (MPP)—as a potential repair technique for spiral bevel gears, as well as a way to enhance their performance and durability. The results are described in this paper.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-09-01

Refurbishing a Ball Mill ; Bevel Gear Backlash

Our experts comment on reverse engineering herringbone gears and contact pattern optimization.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2012-06-01

Growing Pains - Renewables Hang on in Turbulent Energy Market

The turbines are still spinning. They’re spinning on large wind farms in the Great Plains, offshore in the Atlantic and even underwater where strong tidal currents offer new energy solutions. These turbines spin regularly while politicians and policy makers— tied up in discussions on tax incentives, economic recovery and a lot of finger pointing—sit idle. Much like the auto and aerospace industries of years past, renewable energy is coping with its own set of growing pains. Analysts still feel confident that clean energy will play a significant role in the future of manufacturing—it’s just not going to play the role envisioned four to five years ago.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-03-01

Ask the Expert - Bevel Gear Mounting

I am currently writing a design procedure for the correct method for setting up bevel gears in a gearbox for optimum performance...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2012-03-01

The Plastic Gear Pay-Off

Eliminating noise, weight and wear proves valuable in 2012.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-01-01

Accelerating Validation Testing

Bringing new or improved products to market sooner has long been proven profitable for companies. One way to help shorten the time-to-market is to accelerate validation testing. That is, shorten the test time required to validate a new or improved product.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2012-01-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the January/February 2012 issue of Gear Technology.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2011-11-01

Best of Times, Worst of Times

An American renaissance in manufacturing is needed—and long overdue.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2011-09-01

Reliable and Efficient Skiving

Klingelnberg's new tool and machine concept allow for precise production.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-06-01

Drive Line Analysis for Tooth Contact Optimization of High-Power Spiral Bevel Gears

In the majority of spiral bevel gears, spherical crowning is used. The contact pattern is set to the center of the active tooth flank and the extent of the crowning is determined by experience. Feedback from service, as well as from full-torque bench tests of complete gear drives, has shown that this conventional design practice leads to loaded contact patterns, which are rarely optimal in location and extent. Oversized reliefs lead to small contact area, increased stresses and noise, whereas undersized reliefs result in an overly sensitive tooth contact.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-06-01

Hypoid Gears: Tribology Aspects in Angular Transmission Systems, Part VII

Hypoid gears are the paragon of gearing. To establish line contact between the pitches in hypoid gears, the kinematically correct pitch surfaces have to be determined based on the axoids. In cylindrical and bevel gears, the axoids are identical to the pitch surfaces and their diameter or cone angle can be calculated simply by using the knowledge about number of teeth and module or ratio and shaft angle. In hypoid gears, a rather complex approach is required to find the location of the teeth—even before any information about flank form can be considered. This article is part seven of an eight-part series on the tribology aspects of angular gear drives.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-05-01

Beveloid & Hypoloid Gears

Beveloids are helical gears with nonparallel shafts, with shaft angles generally between 5 degrees and 15 degrees. This is part VI in the Tribology Aspects in Angular Transmission Systems Series
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-03-01

Optimal Modifications of Gear Tooth Surfaces

In this paper a new method for the introduction of optimal modifications into gear tooth surfaces - based on the optimal corrections of the profile and diameter of the head cutter, and optimal variation of machine tool settings for pinion and gear finishing—is presented. The goal of these tooth modifications is the achievement of a more favorable load distribution and reduced transmission error. The method is applied to face milled and face hobbed hypoid gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-01-01

Spiral Bevel Gears: Tribology Aspects in Angular Transmission Systems, Part IV

This article is part four of an eight-part series on the tribology aspects of angular gear drives. Each article will be presented first and exclusively by Gear Technology, but the entire series will be included in Dr. Stadtfeld’s upcoming book on the subject, which is scheduled for release in 2011.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-11-01

Zerol Bevel Gears: Tribology Aspects in Angular Transmission Systems, Part III

Zerol bevel gears are the special case of spiral bevel gears with a spiral angle of 0°. They are manufactured in a single-indexing face milling process with large cutter diameters, an extra deep tooth profile and tapered tooth depth.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-09-01

Straight Bevel Gears

Tribology Aspects in Angular Transmission Systems, Part 2
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-08-01

Tribology Aspects in Angular Transmission Systems, Part 1

"General Explanations on Theoretical Bevel Gear Analysis" is part 1 of an eight-part series from Gleason's Dr. Hermann Stadtfeld.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-03-01

The Road Leads Straight to Hypoflex

A new method for cutting straight bevel gears.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2009-11-01

Gleason Cutter Head Improves Tool Life and Productivity

The Pentac Plus is the latest generation of Gleason’s Pentac bevel gear cutting system. It is designed to allow much higher tool life and improved productivity, especially for cutters using multiple face blade geometry.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-11-01

Hypoloid Gear with Small Shaft Angles and Zero-to-Large Offsets

Beveloid gears are used to accommodate a small shaft angle. The manufacturing technology used for beveloid gearing is a special setup of cylindrical gear cutting and grinding machines. A new development, the so-called Hypoloid gearing, addresses the desire of gear manufacturers for more freedoms. Hypoloid gear sets can realize shaft angles between zero and 20° and at the same time, allow a second shaft angle (or an offset) in space that provides the freedom to connect two points in space.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2009-07-01

Gear Milling on Non-Gear Dedicated Machinery

Imagine the flexibility of having one machine capable of milling, turning, tapping and gear cutting with deburring included for hard and soft material. No, you’re not in gear fantasy land. The technology to manufacture gears on non gear-dedicated, mult-axis machines has existed for a few years in Europe, but has not yet ventured into mainstream manufacturing. Deckel Maho Pfronten, a member of the Gildemeister Group, took the sales plunge this year, making the technology available on most of its 2009 machines.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2008-09-01

Lapping and Superfinishing Effects on Surface Finish of Hypoid Gears and Transmission Errors

This presentation is an expansion of a previous study (Ref.1) by the authors on lapping effects on surface finish and transmission errors. It documents the effects of the superfinishing process on hypoid gears, surface finish and transmission errors.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2008-09-01

GPSys Critical to Spiral Bevel Gear Life

Impact Technologies considers commercial version of software package.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2008-08-01

Guidelines for Modern Bevel Gear Grinding

This paper acknowledges the wide variety of manufacturing processes--especially in grinding--utlized in the production of bevel gears...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2008-01-01

Evaluation of a Low-Noise, Formate Spiral Bevel Gear Set

Studies to evaluate low-noise Formate spiral bevel gears were performed. Experimental tests were conducted on a helicopter transmission test stand...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-09-01

The New Freedoms: Bevel Blades

Today, because of reduced cost of coatings and quicker turnaround times, the idea of all-around coating on three-face-sharpened blades is again economically viable, allowing manufacturers greater freedoms in cutting blade parameters, including three-face-sharpened and even four-face-sharpened blades.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-08-01

Bevel Gears: Optimal High Speed Cutting

This article presents a summary of all factors that contribute to efficient and economical high-speed cutting of bevel and hypoid gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-07-01

Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Cutting Technology Update

Spiral bevel and hypoid gear cutting has changed significantly over the years. The machines, tools, processes and coatings have steadily advanced.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-05-01

New Developments in TCA and Loaded TCA

How the latest techniques and software enable faster spiral bevel and hypoid design and development.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2006-09-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from September/October 2006.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2006-05-01

New Checker Scan-Measures Stick Blades with Ruby-Tipped Probes

This month, German automakers will receive the first three units of Klingelnberg's new automated blade checker designed for the shop floor.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2006-05-01

Tool Life and Productivity Improvement Through Cutting Parameter Setting and Tool Design in Dry High-Speed Bevel Gear Tooth Cutting

This article presents some of the findings of cutting investigations at WZL in which the correlation of cutting parameters, cutting materials, tool geometry and tool life have been determined.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2006-03-01

Shorter Cycle Times for Carburizing

Dana Corp. is developing a process that carburizes a straight bevel gear to a carbon content of 0.8% in 60 fewer minutes than atmosphere carburizing did with an identical straight bevel.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-01-10

Bison Gear Appoints New Preident, Executive Vice President

Larry Kujovich was appointed president of Bison Gear and Engineering. The company also promoted George Thomas to executive vice president...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2006-01-01

Kinematical Simulation of Face Hobbing Indexing and Tooth Surface Generation of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears

In addition to the face milling system, the face hobbing process has been developed and widely employed by the gear industry. However, the mechanism of the face hobbing process is not well known.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2006-01-01

Assembling Spiral Gears: Double Taper Can Be Double Trouble

Bevel gear systems are particularly sensitive to improper assembly. Slight errors in gear positioning can turn a well-designed, quality manufactured gear set into a noisy, prone-to-failure weak link in your application.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-11-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News from the November/December 2005 issue of Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2005-09-01

What to Know About Bevel Gear Grinding

Guidelines are insurance against mistakes in the often detailed work of gear manufacturing. Gear engineers, after all, can't know all the steps for all the processes used in their factories.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2005-09-01

A Split Happened on the Way to Reliable, Higher-Volume Gear Grinding

Bevel gear manufacturers live in one of two camps: the face hobbing/lapping camp, and the face milling/grinding camp.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2005-05-01

New Approaches in Roll Testing Technology of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Sets

This paper presents a new approach in roll testing technology of spiral bevel and hypoid gear sets on a CNC roll tester applying analytical tools, such as vibration noise and single-flank testing technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-04-13

Falk Creates New Right Angle Gearmotor

A new line of stainless steel helical bevel gear drives from Falk is recommended for food industry sanitation requirements. These drives ...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2005-01-01

Good Basic Design or Sophisticated Flank Optimizations - Each at the Right Time

More strength, less noise. Those are two major demands on gears, including bevel and hypoid gears.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2004-01-27

New Hydrodynamic Brake from Voith Turbo

Voith Turbo has designed a new industrial retarder (hydrodynamic brake) for simulating various load conditions of diesel engines. Four...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2003-09-01

Local 3-D Flank Form Optimizations for Bevel Gears

Optimizing the running behavior of bevel and hypoid gears means improving both noise behavior and load carrying capacity. Since load deflections change the relative position of pinion and ring gear, the position of the contact pattern will depend on the torque. Different contact positions require local 3-D flank form optimizations for improving a gear set.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2003-01-01

Spiral Bevel Gear Development: Elminiating Trial and Error with Computer Technology

Computer technology has touched all areas of our lives, impacting how we obtain airline tickets, purchase merchandise and receive medical advice. This transformation has had a vast influence on manufacturing as well, providing process improvements that lead to higher quality and lower costs. However, in the case of the gear industry, the critical process of tooth contact pattern development for spiral bevel gears remains relatively unchanged.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2003-01-01

Gear Damage Detection Using Oil Debris Analysis

The purpose of this paper was to verify, when using an oil debris sensor, that accumulated mass predicts gear pitting damage and to identify a method to set threshold limits for damaged gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2001-09-01

What "Ease-Off" shows about Bevel and Hypoid Gears

The configuration of flank corrections on bevel gears is subject to relatively narrow restrictions. As far as the gear set is concerned, the requirement is for the greatest possible contact zone to minimize flank compression. However, sufficient reserves in tooth depth and longitudinal direction for tooth contact displacement should be present. From the machine - and particularly from the tool - point of view, there are restrictions as to the type and magnitude of crowning that can be realized. Crowning is a circular correction. Different kinds of crowning are distinguished by their direction. Length crowning, for example, is a circular (or 2nd order) material removal, starting at a reference point and extending in tooth length or face width.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2001-07-01

Stock Distribution Optimization in Fixed Setting Hypoid Pinions

Face-milled hypoid pinions produced by the three-cut, Fixed Setting system - where roughing is done on one machine and finishing for the concave-OB and convex-IB tooth flanks is done on separate machines with different setups - are still in widespread use today.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2001-01-01

The Basics of Spiral Bevel Gears

This article also appears as Chapter 1 in the Gleason Corporation publication "Advanced Bevel Gear Technology." Gearing Principles in Cylindrical and Straight Bevel Gears The purpose of gears is to transmit motion and torque from one shaft to another. That transmission normally has to occur with a constant ratio, the lowest possible disturbances and the highest possible efficiency. Tooth profile, length and shape are derived from those requirements.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2000-05-01

A Modular Approach to Computing Spiral Bevel Gears and Curvic Couplings

In general, bevel gears and curvic couplings are completely different elements. Bevel gears rotate on nonintersecting axis with a ratio based on the number of teeth. Curvic couplings work like a clutch (Fig. 1).
REVOLUTIONS | 1999-07-01

Revolutions

Welcome to Revolutions, the column that brings you the latest, most up-to-date and easy-to-read information about the people and technology of the gear industry.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-05-01

Hobs & Form Relived Cutters: Common Sharpening Problems

Fig. 1 shows the effects of positive and negative rake on finished gear teeth. Incorrect positive rake (A) increase the depth and decreases the pressure angle on the hob tooth. The resulting gear tooth is thick at the top and thin at the bottom. Incorrect negative rake (B) decreases the depth and increases the pressure angle. This results in a cutting drag and makes the gear tooth thin at the top and thick at the bottom.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1998-05-01

Dry Cutting of Bevel and Hypoid Gears

High-speed machining using carbide has been used for some decades for milling and turning operations. The intermittent character of the gear cutting process has delayed the use of carbide tools in gear manufacturing. Carbide was found at first to be too brittle for interrupted cutting actions. In the meantime, however, a number of different carbide grades were developed. The first successful studies in carbide hobbing of cylindrical gears were completed during the mid-80s, but still did not lead to a breakthrough in the use of carbide cutting tools for gear production. Since the carbide was quite expensive and the tool life was too short, a TiN-coated, high-speed steel hob was more economical than an uncoated carbide hob.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-01-01

Influence of Gear Design on Gearbox Radiated Noise

A major source of helicopter cabin noise (which has been measured at over 100 decibels sound pressure level) is the gearbox. Reduction of this noise is a NASA and U.S. Army goal. A requirement for the Army/NASA Advanced Rotorcraft Transmission project was a 10 dB noise reduction compared to current designs.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1997-09-01

Who's Who and What's What At Gear Expo '97

Below are listed the Gear Technology advertisers exhibiting at Gear Expo 97.
EVENTS | 1997-03-01

Technical Calendar

Complete Technical Calendar for March/April 1997.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1996-01-01

The Next Step in Bevel Gear Metrology

In recent years, gear inspection requirements have changed considerably, but inspection methods have barely kept pace. The gap is especially noticeable in bevel gears, whose geometry has always made testing them a complicated, expensive and time-consuming process. Present roll test methods for determining flank form and quality of gear sets are hardly applicable to bevel gears at all, and the time, expense and sophistication required for coordinate measurement has limited its use to gear development, with only sampling occurring during production.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1995-07-01

How to Avoid Errors When Measuring Step Gears

There are problems in dimensional measurement that should be simple to solve with standard measuring procedures, but aren't. In such cases, using accepted practices may result in errors of hundreds of microns without any warning that something is wrong.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1994-01-01

Grinding Bevel Gears on Cylindrical Gear Grinding Machines

Power train designs which employ gears with cone angles of approximately 2 degrees to 5 degrees have become quite common. It is difficult, if not impossible, to grind these gears on conventional bevel gear grinding machines. Cylindrical gear grinding machines are better suited for this task. This article will provide an overview of this option and briefly introduce four grinding variation possibilities.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1993-07-01

CNC Bevel Gear Generators and Flared Cup Gear Grinding

New freedom of motion available with CNC generators make possible improving tooth contact on bevel and hypoid gears. Mechanical machines by their nature are inflexible and require a special mechanism for every desired motion. These mechanisms are generally exotic and expensive. As a result, it was not until the introduction of CNC generators that engineers started exploring motion possibilities and their effect on tooth contact.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1992-07-01

Cutting Low-Pitch-Angle Bevel Gears, Worm Gears and The Oil Entry Gap

Question: Do machines exist that are capable of cutting bevel gear teeth on a gear of the following specifications: 14 teeth, 1" circular pitch, 14.5 degrees pressure angle, 4 degrees pitch cone angle, 27.5" cone distance, and an 2.5" face width?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-01-01

Design Guidelines for High-Capacity Bevel Gear Systems

The design of any gearing system is a difficult, multifaceted process. When the system includes bevel gearing, the process is further complicated by the complex nature of the bevel gears themselves. In most cases, the design is based on an evaluation of the ratio required for the gear set, the overall envelope geometry, and the calculation of bending and contact stresses for the gear set to determine its load capacity. There are, however, a great many other parameters which must be addressed if the resultant gear system is to be truly optimum. A considerable body of data related to the optimal design of bevel gears has been developed by the aerospace gear design community in general and by the helicopter community in particular. This article provides a summary of just a few design guidelines based on these data in an effort to provide some guidance in the design of bevel gearing so that maximum capacity may be obtained. The following factors, which may not normally be considered in the usual design practice, are presented and discussed in outline form: Integrated gear/shaft/bearing systems Effects of rim thickness on gear tooth stresses Resonant response
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-03-01

Bevel Gear Manufacturing Troubleshooting

The quality of gearing is a function of many factors ranging from design, manufacturing processes, machine capability, gear steel material, the machine operator, and the quality control methods employed. This article discusses many of the bevel gear manufacturing problems encountered by gear manufacturers and some of the troubleshooting techniques used.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1990-11-01

Fundamentals of Bevel Gear Hard Cutting

Some years back, most spiral bevel gear sets were produced as cut, case hardened, and lapped. The case hardening process most frequently used was and is case carburizing. Many large gears were flame hardened, nitrided, or through hardened (hardness around 300 BHN) using medium carbon alloy steels, such as 4140, to avoid higher distortions related to the carburizing and hardening process.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1988-05-01

Tooth Root Stresses of Spiral Bevel Gears

Service performance and load carrying capacity of bevel gears strongly depend on the size and position of the contact pattern. To provide an optimal contact pattern even under load, the gear design has to consider the relative displacements caused by deflections or thermal expansions expected under service conditions. That means that more or less lengthwise and heightwise crowning has to be applied on the bevel gear teeth.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-05-01

Engineering Constants

Rules and Formula for worm gears, bevel gears and strength of gear teeth.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-11-01

Kinematic Analysis of Robotic Bevel-Gear Trains

In robot configurations it is desirable to be able to obtain an arbitrary orientation of the output element or end-effector. This implies a minimum of two independent rotations about two (generally perpendicular) intersecting axes. If, in addition, the out element performs a mechanical task such as in manufacturing or assembly (e.g., drilling, turning, boring, etc.) it may be necessary for the end-effector to rotate about its axis. If such a motion is to be realized with gearing, this necessitates a three-degree-of-freedom, three-dimensional gear train, which provides a mechanical drive of gyroscopic complexity; i.e., a drive with independently controlled inputs about three axes corresponding to azimuth, nutation, and spin.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-09-01

Gears for Nonparallel Shafts

Transmission of power between nonparallel shafts is inherently more difficult than transmission between parallel shafts, but is justified when it saves space and results in more compact, more balanced designs. Where axial space is limited compared to radial space, angular drives are preferred despite their higher initial cost. For this reason, angular gear motors and worm gear drives are used extensively in preference to parallel shaft drives, particularly where couplings, brakes, and adjustable mountings add to the axial space problem of parallel shaft speed reducers.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-09-01

Pressure Angle Changes in the Transverse Plane for Circular Cut Spiral Bevel Gears

Recently it has been suggested that the transverse plane may be very useful in studying the kinematics and dynamics of spiral bevel gears. The transverse plane is perpendicular to the pitch and axial planes as shown in Fig. 1. Buckingham has suggested that a spiral bevel gear may be viewed as a limited form of a "stepped" straight-tooth gear as in Fig. 2. The transverse plane is customarily used in the study of straight toothed bevel gears.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1986-07-01

Bevel Gear Development and Testing Procedure

The most conclusive test of bevel and hypoid gears is their operation under normal running conditions in their final mountings. Testing not only maintains quality and uniformity during manufacture, but also determines if the gears will be satisfactory for their intended applications.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-03-01

A Computer Solution for the Dynamic Load, Lubricant Film Thickness, and Surface Temperatures in Spiral-Bevel Gears

Spiral-bevel gears, found in many machine tools, automobile rear-axle drives, and helicopter transmissions, are important elements for transmitting power.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-11-01

Technological Fundamentals of CBN Bevel Gear Finish Grinding

The bevel gear grinding process, with conventional wheels, has been limited to applications where the highest level of quality is required.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-07-01

Influence of Relative Displacements Between Pinion and Gear on Tooth Root Stresses of Spiral Bevel Gears

The manufacturing quality of spiral bevel gears has achieved a very high standard. Nevertheless, the understanding of the real stress conditions and the influences. of certain parameters is not satisfactory.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-01-01

Analyzing Gear Tooth Stress as a Function of Tooth Contact Pattern Shape and Position

The development of a new gear strength computer program based upon the finite element method, provides a better way to calculate stresses in bevel and hypoid gear teeth. The program incorporates tooth surface geometry and axle deflection data to establish a direct relationship between fillet bending stress, subsurface shear stress, and applied gear torque. Using existing software links to other gear analysis programs allows the gear engineer to evaluate the strength performance of existing and new gear designs as a function of tooth contact pattern shape, position and axle deflection characteristics. This approach provides a better understanding of how gears react under load to subtle changes in the appearance of the no load tooth contact pattern.
VOICES | 1984-08-01

A Second Rate Society - Never

What was once recognized as the unique genius of America is now slipping away from us and, in many areas, is now seen as a "second rate" capability. Unless action is taken now, this country is in real danger of being unable to regain its supremacy in technological development and economic vigor. First Americans must understand the serious implications of the problem; and second, we must dedicate ourselves to national and local actions that will ensure a greater scientific and technological literacy in America.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1984-08-01

Precision Forged Spiral Bevel Gears

A recent U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command project, conducted by Battelle's Columbus Laboratories. successfully developed the methodology of CAD/CAM procedures for manufacturing dies (via EDM) for forging spiral bevel gears. Further, it demonstrated that precision forging of spiral bevel gears is a practical production technique. Although no detailed economic evaluation was made in this study, it is expected that precision forging offers an attractive alternative to the costly gear cutting operations for producing spiral bevel gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1984-08-01

Determination of Gear Ratios

Selection of the number of teeth for each gear in a gear train such that the output to input angular velocity ratio is a specified value is a problem considered by relatively few published works on gear design.
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