[advertisement]

Inspection

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2025-03-03

Machine Tool Magic

Klingelnberg recently invited customers to its first Open House in Saline and the two-day event did not disappoint. Customers from major automotive, off-highway, construction and agriculture OEMs attended a morning of technical presentations before heading into the showroom to learn more about Klingelnberg’s latest machine tool technology.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2025-02-27

L.S. Starrett Introduces Vision Metrology System

The L.S. Starrett Co. has expanded its AVR Vision Metrology Line with the introduction of the AVR400 CNC Vision System, the largest benchtop platform to date from Starrett with stage travel that is twice the speed of previous Starrett AVR models. The stage travel is 15.8"x 11.8"x 7.9" (400 mm x 300 mm x 200 mm) in the X-Y-Z axes with a speed of up to 120 mm/sec.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2025-02-27

Marposs Corporation Wins Automotive Innovation Award for Gear Tester

With the excellent “NVH G-EAR Single Gear Tester,” Marposs won the “Auto Technology and Equipment Supplier Excellent Innovation Award” at the MM Vogel Automotive Sustaining Power Awards 2024. The primary purpose of the “NVH G-EAR Single Gear Tester” is to assess surface defects, machining distortions, and noise behavior on the individual component prior to the assembly into the gearbox. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2025-02-27

L.S. Starrett Company Announces Key Management Appointments

The L.S. Starrett Co., a leading global manufacturer of precision measuring tools and gages, metrology systems and more, has appointed four new executives to its global organization, further strengthening its corporate management at the highest levels. Starrett welcomes Mr. Roger N. Amrol, Jr. as President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Mr. Barry D. Laughlin as Chief Operating Officer (COO), Mr. Allen E. Look as Global Chief Information Officer (CIO), and Mr. Jon-Michael Raymond as Chief Revenue Officer (CRO). The new executives will be based out of Starrett corporate headquarters in Athol, MA, bringing a wealth of manufacturing industry experience, leadership and skills to Starrett as the company focuses on continuous improvement, growth and innovation.

 

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2024-12-12

Quality Controlled

Zahnradfertigung OTT GmbH & Co. KG was the first company to install the new fully automatic CNC-controlled P 152 precision measuring center from Klingelnberg in its ultra-modern machine park.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2024-12-12

Zeiss Offers Inspection and Data Management Innovations

With the recent software release Zeiss Industrial Quality Solutions (Zeiss IQS) enhances its extensive software portfolio, introducing cutting-edge innovations in multiple software products to optimize inspection processes and streamline data handling capabilities.

VIDEO | 2024-11-07

Penta Gear Focus

As a brand of Kapp Niles, Penta Gear designs, manufactures, and installs analytical metrology machines, while performing as a trusted source for contract gear and spline inspection.

[advertisement]
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2024-08-15

Zeiss and CleanControlling Cooperate on Industrial Analysis Techniques

Zeiss and CleanControlling, a leading test laboratory for technical cleanliness, signed a cooperation agreement in April. The goal of the cooperation is to optimize products and industrial analysis techniques, and to set new market standards.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2024-08-15

Mahr MWF GmbH Develops Measuring Machine for Double-Flank Gear Roll Testing

Mahr MWF GmbH has developed and built a measuring machine for double-flank gear roll testing to meet the individual requirements of a customer. This machine tests the form feature concentricity deviation Fr on the internal toothing of gears. The noise development of the subsequent gearbox can then be predicted based on the measurement results. This is an important aspect, particularly in electromobility.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2024-07-23

Jenoptik Offers Variety of New Measurement Technologies

At the Control trade fair for quality assurance, Jenoptik offered a variety of automated measuring and inspection stations as well as new sensors and functions of the proven measurement technology for the target groups of automotive manufacturers and suppliers. Here are some highlights:

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2024-06-12

Measuring Demands Today

For precision measuring, skilled machinists, toolmakers, and inspectors must have accurate tools and gages, produced from quality materials, carefully manufactured, and rigidly inspected, to ensure lasting dependability. Gages have evolved throughout the years beginning with mechanical, then electronic models, and now convenient wireless electronic versions have come on the scene. Each type has an important place in today’s quality control and inspection processes.

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2024-06-12

Optical Metrology for Evaluating Gear Noise

When electric drives are used in vehicles, the masking effect of an internal combustion engine disappears, allowing the noise behavior of the transmission to take center stage. At the same time, peak power and torque increase, engine speeds increase, and power must be transferred optimally in both directions due to the regenerative braking system. Conventional design parameters remain important, however: The build space is limited, durability must not be compromised, and the product must still be cost-efficient. Optical metrology as part of a hybrid measurement concept helps to overcome all these challenges.

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2024-06-12

Nano-Level Gear Inspection Goes Smaller

Complete inspection of gear surface finishes at the submicron level became a reality with the introduction of Gleason’s 300GMS nano, in 2022. The new system ushered in an exciting new era in gear inspection. For the first time, producers of EV transmission gears, and gears for other applications requiring very tight tolerances and low noise requirements, could quickly inspect surface finishes and perform extremely reliable noise analysis at submicron levels—benefits that were almost impossible to achieve just a few years ago.

EVENT | 2024-06-03

Aachen Conference on Gear Production

Although gears have been indispensable components in various areas such as mechanical engineering, the automotive industry and industrial gear production for many decades, increasing requirements and current market developments are constantly presenting the drive technology sectors with new challenges. The aim of the Aachen Conference on Gear Production is an exchange of knowledge and experience between engineers who work in or are responsible for the design, development, production, assembly and application of gears.

[advertisement]
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2024-05-10

GRSL Quality Center: Speeding the Way to Quieter Gears

The arrival of Gleason’s Hard Finishing Cell (HFC) in 2018 represented a paradigm shift in the way automotive transmission gears and gears for e-drives, could be produced in high volumes. Now, for the first time, 100 percent inspection of every gear, and every gear tooth was possible in-process, without impacting the high speeds at which these gears need to be hard finished. Identifying, and correcting for, conditions that create unacceptable noise behavior in these gears, on the fly, was finally a reality too.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2024-04-29

Reunion at the Klingelnberg Hückeswagen Plant

Alongside the annual service anniversary celebration, the reunion of retired employees is another traditional event at Klingelnberg. Every three years, the Klingelnberg works council and Management Board invite all retired colleagues back for a reunion celebration. On 18 April 2024, Group Executive Board Members Christoph Küster (CFO), Philipp Kannengießer (COO), and Prasad Kizhakel (CSO) joined deputy chairman of the works council Ibrahim Er and Head of Human Resources Michael Schwarzer in welcoming the retired employees to this year’s get-together at the Hückeswagen, Gemany plant.

VIDEO | 2024-04-16

Klingelnberg Highlights Höfler Cylindrical Gear Roll Testing Machine R 300

The Höfler Cylindrical Gear Roll Testing Machine R 300 is the latest machine development from Klingelnberg in the area of cylindrical gear technology. Designed for all roll testing methods, this compact machine is the ideal solution for anyone who wants to combine inspection cycles and reduce disassembly costs while benefiting from a user-friendly design.

EVENT | 2024-04-12

Gleason Gear Process Theory Cylindrical and Bevel Gears

Attendees will gain familiarization with spur, helical, bevel and hypoid gear nomenclature, the use of various cutting methods in Gleason machines as well as the tooling and processes used in gear manufacturing. Topics include gear classification, cutting methods, blank tolerances and configurations, inspection, testing, and workholding. 


EVENT | 2024-04-05

Zoller 2024 Open House and Technology Days

Explore integrated solutions that make manufacturing more efficient at Zoller Inc.'s 2024 Open House and Technology Days. This two-day event June 12 - 13, 2024, at the company's North American headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michigan, will highlight real customers who have leveraged Zoller technology to optimize their manufacturing processes and boost profits.


EVENT | 2024-04-03

WZL Gear Conference USA

The 10th WZL Gear Conference - USA is being hosted by Gleason Corporation in Rochester NY and will provide the opportunity for North American companies to connect with WZL and learn about current research activities. For more than 50 years the annual WZL Gear Conference in Aachen, Germany, has been fostering technical collaboration and communication among the members of the WZL Gear Research Circle. The two-day conference is devoted exclusively to the presentation of the latest research in gear design, manufacturing and testing.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2024-04-01

Starrett Introduces KMR-MX 200 Video Measurement System

The L.S. Starrett Co., a leading global manufacturer of metrology systems, precision measuring tools and gages and more, has introduced the latest Video System in its KMR Series—the new KMR-MX 200 Manual Video System. The new system offers a unique platform, filling the gap for companies that want the speed and accuracy of a video-based platform, but do not need Windows-based software or a PC. Ideal for a range of industries such as medical, aerospace, defense and others that require traceable and secure measurement data, operators can take a wide range of measurements with the system.

EVENT | 2024-03-08

Control 2024

Control 2024 (Stuttgart, Germany) offers the most up-to-date technologies from the fields of vision technology, image processing, sensor technology, as well as measuring and test technology and quality assurance. “Measurement, testing, inspection, evaluation, documentation-end-to-end solutions for these functions are required everywhere because more and more data is being captured, analyzed, linked and fed back to the respective systems in order to achieve transparency and consistency. This is why software and intelligent evaluation algorithms are playing an increasingly important role,” explains Fabian Krüger, project manager.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2024-02-15

Zeiss Releases Inspect 3D Metrology Software

With the release of the new Zeiss Inspect 3D metrology software, Zeiss offers its Industrial Quality Solutions customers numerous new functions. Zeiss Inspect Optical 3D is the solution for the inspection and evaluation of 3D measurement data. With this release, data acquisition is further accelerated and evaluation functions are further improved. The new Autosurfacing app also automatically converts scan data into a high-precision CAD model.

EVENT | 2024-02-09

Women in Manufacturing: Assuring Quality for Decades to Come

Wenzel America and Fox Valley Metrology understand the importance of quality and excellence in the manufacturing industry. In this webinar, attendees will hear from the experts on the following subjects:

Advocacy in your career to promote growth and getting that “seat at the table.

Tips to be productive, quality-focused, and intentional at your job.

Important networking and mentoring suggestions that will enhance your industry relationships.

The webinar will be hosted by Rebecca Brinkley, AGMA.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-11-20

Marposs Announces “Marposs Care” After Sales Service

Marposs, a global leader in measurement, inspection, and test technologies has announced its Marposs Care after-sales service. The service agreements for Marposs Care focused on preventive maintenance, calibration, customer training, and process improvement, and support each area with a team of specialized engineers. The aim is to offer services that drive the continuous performance and productivity of Marposs equipment and applications.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-10-11

Gear Technology, Gear Cutting Tools and Automation Systems Highlights from Liebherr

Are you looking for a solution to ensure quality and increase productivity in gear manufacturing? There is a clear trend towards saving resources and sustainable manufacturing. Here Liebherr highlights their gear technology, gear-cutting tools, measuring technology, and automation systems.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-10-10

Starrett Appoints New US Territory Managers

The L.S. Starrett Company, a leading global manufacturer of precision measuring tools and gages, metrology systems, saw blades, power tool accessories and more, has recently appointed Mr. Coby Villegas and Mr. Christopher U’Glay as Territory Managers in the United States. Mr. Villegas will cover Southern Texas and Southern Louisianna, and Mr. U’Glay will cover New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and Eastern Pennsylvania.

EVENT | 2023-09-15

Advanced Engineering 2024

Advanced Engineering (Birmingham) has rebranded to celebrate the evolution and new developments in the industrial manufacturing. Sectors include aerospace, automotive, defense, composites, marine, rail, energy, medical and more. To ensure that visitors and exhibitors can still easily find relevant contacts, Advanced Engineering exhibitors will now be categorized by the services, products and solutions offered. They will have the opportunity to highlight all of the sectors they work in, removing any limitations created by the specific show zones. Advanced Engineering will welcome back a full speaker program with representatives from some of the leading companies in UK manufacturing including GE, Shell, ZF, Bosch, Siemens, 3M, IBM, Airbus and more. 

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2023-07-27

Improving In-Process Gear Manufacturing Quality to Meet New E-Drive Demands

A combination of international regulations and consumer expectations is driving the demand for reduced noise on all drivetrain components. Further demand is driven by the growing trend towards EVs and HEVs, where noise from ICE is intermittent or no longer present, and the contribution of transmission noise to overall vehicle noise becomes dominant.

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2023-06-20

The Future Looks Bright for the Gear Inspection Industry

On the surface, it may not seem like the gear inspection industry has changed much over the last few years. Shops still primarily use either machines that are dedicated solely to measuring gears, or multiuse Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs). And regardless of which machine they use, software serves as the backbone that supports their many diverse sensors.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-06-15

Mitutoyo America Corporation Releases New LH600F/FG Height Gage

Mitutoyo America Corporation, a leading manufacturer of precision metrology instruments and solutions, is proud to announce the release of the Mitutoyo LH600F/FG Linear High Measurement System. The LH600F is the latest model in the Mitutoyo Linear Height Gage line with several added features and benefits along with best-in-class accuracy using a high-accuracy scale unit and high-accuracy guiding mechanism manufactured in our own Japanese facilities. 

PRODUCT NEWS | 2023-06-15

Verisurf Software CMM Surface Finish Measurement

Verisurf Software, Inc. announces a surface finish measurement probe and reporting solution for CNC CMMs equipped with Renishaw REVO SFP2 (Surface Finish Probe). The surface finish measurement feature is included in the soon-to-be-released Verisurf 2024. Using direct output from the Renishaw REVO SFP2 probe, Verisurf CMM programming can include defined surface finish/roughness evaluation from 6.3 μm to 0.05 μm (250 μin to 2 μin) Ra with results added to automated quality reporting.  

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-06-15

New Machine for Cost-Effective Coordinate Measurement

Manufacturers wishing to progress from manual metrology to using a CNC coordinate measuring machine (CMM) have a new option to consider—the new ALTO 6.5.5 from CMM manufacturer LK Metrology, Derby, UK. Appealing to the entry-point of the CMM market, the machine has guideways made from aluminium, lowering the capital cost compared with making those components from ceramic, as is the case with most LK CMMs. Several innovative design features have resulted in a surprisingly compact measuring machine, with the high accuracy and rapid throughput normally associated with more expensive systems.  

VIDEO | 2023-06-07

Klingelnberg R 300 Cylindrical Gear Roll Testing Machine

How do gear noises occur and why is this topic becoming increasingly important? Klingelnberg will take you along as we explore the causes and at the same time present the solutions.

VIDEO | 2023-05-30

Wenzel Offers Gear Inspection with GT Series

The new GT series works with Wenzel's standard controller WPC and is used with completely new software. With the GT series, Wenzel sees an opportunity where gear measuring technology and traditional measuring technology work together: tactile and optical.

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2023-05-22

Noise Analysis for e-Drive Gears and In-Process Gear Inspection

In conventional gear manufacturing, quality control is carried out for a number of pieces per batch. Most parts enter final gearbox assembly without any inspection. Among other things, this approach is based on two facts: measuring time is significantly longer than the machining time, and the limited measuring capacity available.

TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2023-05-22

Test Rig for Crowned Spline Joints with Optimized Surface Treatments Under Misaligned Conditions

In the present paper, a spline-joint design and the extension of a back-to-back test rig were presented, which enable the testing of crowned spline-joints under high rotational speed, medium torque, high test temperature, and angular misalignments.

EVENT | 2023-05-12

Motion + Power Technology Expo 2023

Produced by AGMA, Motion + Power Technology Expo (Detroit) is a three-day show that connects professionals looking for motion power solutions with manufacturers, suppliers, and buyers. Attendees will find new power transmission parts, materials, and manufacturing processes. Buy, sell, and get business done with organizations in aerospace, automotive, agricultural, energy, construction and more.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-05-10

New Verisurf 2024 Featured at Control

Verisurf 2024 is the latest release of the popular measurement software for automated quality inspection, reporting, scanning, reverse engineering, tool building, and assembly guidance. The software is powerful, flexible, and easy to use for measurement applications across the manufacturing enterprise.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-05-10

2023 ASQ Hromi Medal Awarded to Gary Confalone

East Coast Metrology (ECM): A Division of In-Place Machining Company is pleased to announce that Gary Confalone is the recipient of the 2023 ASQ Hromi Medal.  

PRODUCT NEWS | 2023-04-27

Hommel Etamic Introduces new W 600 Series Contour and Roughness Measurement System

Key benefits include high measurement quality, free access to measuring points, rapid changeover of probe system, automatic probe and probe arm recognition, contour probe arms with RFID chip and Evovis evaluation software with extensive functions. 

EVENT | 2023-04-24

Automatica 2023

Automatica is a trade fair for intelligent automation and robotics covers the entire value-added chain: from components to systems; from services to applications—for all manufacturing sectors. It offers an overview of current developments and innovations and thus provides the necessary orientation and investment security.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2023-04-07

Marposs Offers Compact Optical Tool Setter for Small Applications

Marposs, a leader in measurement, test and inspection technologies, has expanded its VTS (visual tool setter) family with the new VTS SF-45 Compact, suited for non-contact, optical measurement of small, complex-shaped tools in constrained working spaces such as micro-machining, semi-conductor or moldmaking applications.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-03-24

Starrett Names New Sales and Marketing Director for North America, Industrial Products

The L.S. Starrett Company, a leading global manufacturer of precision measuring tools and gages, metrology systems and more, has promoted Mr. Michael Connor to Sales and Marketing Director North America, Industrial Products. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-03-22

Forest City Gear Attends Training Retreat Hosted by DMG MORI

Two Forest City Gear employees, CNC Supervisor Mike Miller and CNC Lead/Programmer Josh Gates, recently attended a four-day training retreat in Pfronten, Germany hosted by DMG MORI. The event featured various seminars and opportunities for guests to experience firsthand DMG’s newest equipment and technologies, as well as networking and a taste of German culture.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-03-20

Klingelnberg to Present Precision Metrology at Control

Now in its 35th year, Control International Trade Fair for Quality Assurance—the world’s premier professional event for all things industrial quality assurance—will open its doors in Stuttgart, Germany from 9–12 May 2023. Machine manufacturer Klingelnberg will once again be presenting its portfolio of products and services, but in a new hall this time. The company's exhibition kit in Hall 7, Booth 7307 will include the Klingelnberg Precision Measuring Center P 152 for mid-sized gears, as well as the Klingelnberg Precision Measuring Centers P 26 and P 40 with optical metrology and tried-and-tested universality of application in metrology. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-03-08

Gage Confirms Accuracy of Measuring Machines After Calibration

A new range of UKAS-certified length and form gages, complete with holding fixture, has been introduced by coordinate measuring machine (CMM) manufacturer LK Metrology, allowing the inspection accuracy of any 3D measuring platform to be verified. The user can have greater confidence in the results of an inspection, whether for metrology or reverse engineering, long after the typical annual calibration of the measuring machine has been carried out.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-02-15

Starrett Precision Metrology Systems at EASTEC

The L.S. Starrett Company, a leading global manufacturer of precision metrology systems, measuring tools and gages, and more, has announced it will be featuring the automated inspection capabilities of its metrology and force measurement systems, and will also highlight custom gaging solutions at EASTEC Booth #3244 at Eastern States Exposition in West Springfield, MA from May 16-18 this year.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-02-13

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Forest City Gear

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our seventh installment online is an interview with Kika Young, president, and Jared Lyford, director of manufacturing operations at Forest City Gear (FCG). 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-02-09

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Kapp Technologies

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our sixth installment online is an interview with Shane Hollingsworth, vice president of sales, Kapp Technologies.

EVENT | 2023-02-07

Gear Up for Precision

Gear Up for Precision will take place April 12-13, 2023. Both Wenzel and Nidec Machine Tool America, located across from each other in Wixom, Mich., will be open to visitors with displays, technical discussions, presentations, and demonstrations.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-02-02

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Nidec Machine Tool America

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our fourth installment online is an interview with Scott Knoy, vice president of sales at Nidec Machine Tool America. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-01-31

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Liebherr

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our third installment online is an interview with Peter Wiedemann, managing director, Liebherr-Verzahntechnik GmbH and Scott Yoders, vice president sales, Liebherr Gear Technology, Inc. 


INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-01-30

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Klingelnberg

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our second installment online is an interview with Christof Gorgels, vice president, innovation and technology at Klingelnberg. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2023-01-27

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives: Gleason Corporation

State of the Gear Industry Perspectives takes an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in gear manufacturing today and in the future. Our first installment online is an interview with Udo Stolz, vice president of sales and marketing at Gleason Corporation.

EVENT | 2023-01-17

AGMA Gear Manufacturing and Inspection

While function and rating are important factors in a successful gear design, to be truly optimal and successful, the gear designer must also design the gears to be manufactured and inspected. In this course, therefore, we will address key factors in a wide variety of manufacturing and inspection processes to enable the gear designer to better design optimal gears considering both rating and the necessary manufacturing and inspection processes to produce the gears as designed. We will also help the designer to understand how to interpret inspection data so that they can ensure that the gears meet the design. To be clear, this is not a course in how to operate the various machines. Rather it addresses the design provisions that are required to allow the gears to be optimally manufactured and inspected. The learner will develop a broad understanding of the methods used to manufacture and inspect gears, as well as interpret how the resultant information can be applied and interpreted in the design process.

EVENT | 2023-01-11

CIMT 2023

Since founding in 1989, the China International Machine Tool Show (CIMT) held in every odd year has been successfully held 17 sessions so far. CIMT is the most prestigious, largest scale and most influential professional machine tool exhibition in China, regarded by the global machine tool industry as with the same popularity of EMO in Europe, IMTS in the United States, and JIMTOF in Japan. 

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-12-22

Nidec Machine Tool Launches Robot Cameras for Hobbing and Broaching Machines to Help Automate Visual Inspections of Cutting Tools

Nidec Machine Tool Corporation announced today that it has launched Robot Camera SPEED, visual inspection equipment for cutting tools (hobbing machines) to process gears and other components, and Robot Camera MAX, visual inspection equipment for broaching machines. 

VIDEO | 2022-12-15

Marposs OptoCloud EDU

Marposs OptoCloud EDU (Electric Drive Unit) is the latest generation of 3D precision inspection solutions, designed for the Electrical Vehicle Industry and its unprecedented quality assurance processes. OptoCloud EDU is capable to reconstruct the 3D model of complex and articulated workpieces and automatically execute measurements and vision inspection tasks.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-11-28

Single system to measure Roundness, Cylindricity, Surface Finish & Lead Angle Measurement

Roundness testers, surface analyzers and lead angle detection inspection benches - instrumentation to measure roundness, cylindricity, surface finish and lead angle shaft seals have all existed separately for a long time. The Hommel-Etamic (HE) Roundscan system incorporates all these measurements into one robust automated inspection system for metrology lab and shop floor production applications.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-10-26

transformers @JIMTOF2022

At JIMTOF 2022, from November 8 to 13, Gleason presents the latest gear design, manufacturing, and inspection systems in challenging times of transformation. Exhibits and live streams include KISSsoft’s design software release 2022, new gear chamfer cutting technologies, hard finishing of gears by superfinish honing; combination honing and polish grinding; hobbing; and gear skiving on one flexible platform, revolutionary gear metrology systems with laser scanning, sub-micron inspection and in-process gear inspection with integrated gear noise analysis.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-10-24

Marposs Announces Flexible Laser Gear Inspection System

Marposs, a global leader in measurement, inspection and test technologies, has announced its new M62 Laser Profiler for Gear Inspection, using laser profile sensors and the optical triangulation principle. 

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-10-12

Marposs Announces the Digital Platform, MAINDO

Marposs has announced MAINDO, its new digital platform that integrates Marposs monitoring, measuring, testing or other manufacturer device/solutions throughout the entire production process, combining quality and process into a holistic production monitoring view.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-10-12

Liebherr Offers Machine Training Center in Kempten

The Machine Training Center (MTC) of Liebherr-Verzahntechnik GmbH in Kempten offers bright training rooms equipped with the latest technology the world of gear making has to offer including an LC 280 gear cutting machine with ChamferCut device, an LGG 280 gear grinding machine and a WGT measuring machine. 

EVENT | 2022-09-22

AGMA Operator Precision Gear Grinding

Explore gear grinding processes, machine kinematics and set-up, pitfalls, failures and expectations related to finish ground gearing.  Learn definitions of gearing component features, process steps from blanking, through heat treatment to finished part ready to ship.  Study aspects of Quality Assurance, Inspection Documentation and corrective actions for measured non-conformances.  Understand pre-heat treat, heat treatment and post-heat treatment operations including the hows and whys to produce finished gears that conform and perform to end user expectations.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-08-31

Exact Metrology Exhibits at Coordinate Metrology Society Conference

Exact Metrology recently exhibited at the Coordinate Metrology Society Conference (CMSC) with their sister division, OASIS Alignment Services: A Division of In-Place Machining Company. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-08-25

Nidec and Wenzel Announce Technical Partnership for IMTS 2022

IMTS 2022 will host a variety of technologies that will set the tone for manufacturing innovation in the years to come. At the forefront is the integration of data for process control, providing outstanding solutions to manufacturers. Wenzel America and Nidec’s collaboration started with the mutual drive for serving their customer with excellence through data management. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-08-17

Klingelnberg Highlights Gearbox Technology at AMB 2022

System-supplier Klingelnberg will be back at AMB (Booth C41, Hall 5), where it will be highlighting solutions for smooth-running gearboxes. The exhibit will feature the Höfler Cylindrical Gear Grinding Machine Speed Viper, the Klingelnberg Precision Measuring Center P 40 and the newly developed Höfler Cylindrical Gear Roll Testing Machine R 300. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-08-15

Verisurf Offers Universal Measurement and Inspection at IMTS

Verisurf Software, Inc. will be demonstrating a universal approach to measurement and inspection at this year’s IMTS Show in Booth #133345. Verisurf software provides measurement and inspection workflows with inspection plans that can be created once and used across the manufacturing enterprise on any portable or fixed CMM. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-08-05

GROB Announces Machining Video Series

GROB Systems has announced a new YouTube Video Series called “Machine Minutes with GROB.” New technical tutorial and informational videos will be released regularly and will focus on three primary topics including Machine Design/ Building, Machine Applications, and Machine Maintenance and Inspection. The videos will generally range from two to eight minutes in length.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-08-04

Mahr Highlights Digital Comparators at IMTS 2022

Mahr Inc. recently introduced a new generation of electronic digital comparators, the Millimess 2000 W(i) and 2001 W(i). The new digital comparators combine practical and reliable operation with maximum precision. Using a unique inductive measuring system, measurements are more precise than ever with added probe linearization—whether it’s a static or dynamic measurement task.  

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-08-03

Capture 3D Joins OMIC R&D

The Oregon Manufacturing Innovation Center Research and Development (OMIC R&D) recently welcomed Capture 3D, a Zeiss company, as a member of the collaboration, now at 41 members. Headquartered in Santa Ana, California, Capture 3D is a leader in innovative optical 3D metrology solutions, including accurate blue light 3D scanners, precision photogrammetry systems, comprehensive inspection software, and high-tech automated inspection systems.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-07-25

Kapp Niles Offers Machine Technology at IMTS 2022

Kapp Niles will highlight a variety of machine tool technologies at IMTS 2022 for areas like mobility, automation, energy, and more.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-07-20

Klingelnberg Offers Gear Production Technology at IMTS 2022

Klingelnberg will be featuring the latest gear production, calculation and measuring technologies during IMTS in Booth #236935.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-07-15

Liebherr Touts Latest Gear Technology at IMTS 2022

Liebherr Gear Technology will be displaying a variety of technologies at Booth #236914 (North Hall) during IMTS 2022. 

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-07-12

Mitutoyo America Corporation Introduces Quick Vision Pro Series

Mitutoyo America Corporation is pleased to announce the release of the Quick Vision Pro Series, the latest generation of Mitutoyo Vision Measurement Systems. Quick Vision Pro Series machines are packed with high-performance technologies that greatly improves 3D non-contact measurement and productivity. This highly advanced non-contact measuring system delivers even more speed, efficiency, and versatility to the Mitutoyo Vision Measurement line. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-07-06

Marposs to Demonstrate OptoCloud EDU Inspection System at IMTS 2022

At IMTS 2022 in Booth #135621, Marposs will be demonstrating OptoCloud EDU (Electric Drive Unit), its latest generation of 3D precision inspection solutions designed for the electrical vehicle industry. Using multiple laser heads in tandem with contact sensors for measurement and vision inspection, OptoCloud EDU reconstructs the 3D model of complex and articulated workpieces in less than a minute to ensure accuracy of the produced component.  For example, it can validate 240 electrical contacts of a motor stator in only 30 seconds, which is 100 times faster than a traditional contact system.

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2022-06-27

Technology Advancements in EV Inspection

Different component characteristics in electric vehicles lead to higher noise and load requirements in the automotive industry. E-mobility—to a certain degree—is changing how gear analysis and inspection is carried out. Dissecting noise issues in gears and gearboxes requires an analytical approach like a detective. The problem could stem from the design itself, tolerancing or tip/root relief issues, tooth flank form deviations like waviness or perhaps crowning issues that directly impact noise. Every aspect of gear production needs to be examined to provide the most accurate results.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-06-27

Verisurf Announces Engine Builder Performance Package

Verisurf Software, Inc. announces the Verisurf Engine Builder Performance Package, a complete 3D measurement software, hardware, training, and support package for reverse engineering, designing, building, and verifying high-performance engines and components

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2022-06-27

Multisensor CMMs for Gear Inspection

Gear inspection has long been a highly specialized, costly investment and an overall challenging part of the gear manufacturing process. Through advances in technology and automation, this typically tedious, time-consuming process is becoming significantly
more efficient as multisensor coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) gain more traction as one of the preferred methods of gear inspection.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-06-27

Klingelnberg P 152 Latest Addition to Measuring Center Family

Klingelnberg has developed a new precision measuring center. The P 152 is the latest addition to the family of Klingelnberg precision measuring centers. It is capable of measuring components with a maximum outside diameter of 1,520 mm and workpiece weights up to 8,000 kg with the usual precision. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-06-21

Gleason Corporation Announces the Passing of James S. Gleason

It is with great sadness Gleason Corporation announces the passing of James S. Gleason, a Gleason board member and former chairman and CEO of the company who died on June 17th at the age of 88 years old.  Jim, a great grandson of the company’s founder William Gleason, contributed to the company in various roles, continuing to serve as a director on the board up until his death. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-06-17

LK Metrology to Exhibit New Technologies at IMTS 2022

LK Metrology, Inc. will be exhibiting a variety of new products in Booth #135230 in the East Building, Level Three at McCormick Place in Chicago, IL for the 2022 IMTS Show, September 12-17, 2022.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-06-15

Verisurf Software Now Supports Hexagon Laser Trackers for 3D Measurements

Verisurf Software, Inc. announces support for the new Hexagon, Leica AT500, and B-Probe plus CMM. Verisurf interfaces with Leica Laser Tracker Systems for data collection and 3D measurement workflows, including alignments, inspection, tool building, assembly, scanning, analysis, reporting, automation, and reverse engineering. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-06-15

Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence Announces Tech Start-Up Winners

Hexagon’s Manufacturing Intelligence division recently announced the winners of its first cohort of start-ups selected to help the manufacturing industry operate more sustainably and efficiently. The company launched its Sixth Sense open innovation platform in January 2022 to challenge how multinationals approach innovation and help nurture creative solutions to emerging manufacturing challenges by connecting with world-class companies to solve some of humanity’s biggest challenges. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-06-14

Starrett to Demonstrate Multi-Sensor Vision System at IMTS

The L.S. Starrett Company has enhanced its AVR300 Multi-Sensor Vision System with a large 2.36" (60 mm) FOV-dedicated 0.14x telecentric lens for micron-level resolution and accurate field-of-view (FOV) measurements. This is the largest FOV to date for Starrett. IMTS attendees can see the AVR-FOV at Booth #135044 located in the Quality Pavilion, East Hall in McCormick Place, Chicago IL from Sept 12- 17, 2022. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-06-14

Making Gear Noise Visible

Klingelnberg examines gear noise behavior and the evolution of the electric powertrain. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-05-27

LK Metrology and Wenzel Technologies Enter into a Strategic Partnership

LK Metrology and Wenzel Technologies have entered into a strategic partnership with immediate effect. In addition to a joint technological cooperation, Wenzel Technologies will sell LK's innovative, high-performance coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and other metrological products in southern Germany.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-05-25

Marposs Acquires Grinding Machine Measuring Technology from Jenoptik

Marposs has announced the acquisition of Jenoptik’s (Jena, Germany) non-optical process measuring technology business for grinding machines, formerly known as Movomatic.

TECH TALK | 2022-05-19

Two New AGMA Publications

AGMA is happy to announce the publication of two new documents: AGMA 925-B22, Effect of Tribology and Lubrication on Gear Surface Distress, written by a subcommittee of the AGMA Helical Gear Rating Committee, and, AGMA 943-A22, Tolerances for Spur and Helical Racks, written by the AGMA Gear Accuracy Committee.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-05-04

Verisurf and IBS Quality Offer Portable Inspection System

IBS Quality GmbH has launched the new PAM-System (Portable Automated Measurement System), a portable cobot-based 3D scanning and measurement solution, at Control, Stuttgart, Germany, May 3 -6, Hall 3, Stand 3312. The launch is in collaboration with Verisurf Software, Inc., and its integrated 3D measurement software for automated quality inspection, reporting, scanning, and reverse engineering. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-05-02

Quality Assurance Stakeholders Meet at Control 2022

The 34th annual Control 2022 international trade fair in Stuttgart, Germany, is the place to be when it comes to measuring and test technology, materials testing, analysis equipment, vision technology, image processing, and sensor technology, as well as weighing and counting technology. The exhibitor forum will provide expert visitors with the opportunity of finding out more about the product and service portfolios and the technological expertise offered by individual companies such as Gleason and Klingelnberg, which will both debut new solutions from their portfolios.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-04-29

Verisurf Debuts 2023 Release at Control

Verisurf Software, Inc. will be demonstrating Verisurf 2023 at Control, Stuttgart, Germany, May 3 -6, Hall 3, Stand 3312. Verisurf 2023 continues to refine metrology workflows with added features designed to reduce time and improve the efficiency of automated quality inspection and reporting, scanning, reverse engineering, and tool building.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-04-26

Park Engineering Upgrades Equipment with LK Metrology

Park Engineering has significantly increased the size of parts it can machine and subsequently measure on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-04-25

Gleason Presents Sub-Micron Gear Inspection at Control 2022

With its brand-new 300GMS nano Gear Metrology System, Gleason presents a world- first at Control Show 2022, May 03-06, Stuttgart, Germany. The capability of measuring gears at sub-micron level, executing advanced waviness analysis and evaluating gear noise using the most advanced analytical tools, make the 300GMS nano ideally suited to support automotive e-drive production with minimum noise requirements. 

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-04-22

KISSsoft for Gear Manufacturing

KISSsoft is a well-known software system that addresses gear manufacturing as a holistic process. With over 4,000 licenses sold worldwide, its functionality is dedicated to gear manufacturing and gear inspection and makes it easier for engineers—in the areas of calculation, manufacturing, and quality assurance—to collaborate and exchange data.

EVENT | 2022-04-19

2022 US Grinding Days Seminar

US Grinding Days Seminar (3M and Liebherr) is a two-day program designed to provide attendees with industry insights into the latest gear grinding methods, technology, and related topics.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-04-18

Hexagon Releases E-Mobility Report

Hexagon’s Manufacturing Intelligence has released a comprehensive report entitled "Recharging the Automotive Market." The body of work was produced by Hexagon and draws from the original research conducted with Wards Intelligence and Informa Tech Automotive Group (ITAG).

EVENT | 2022-04-13

AGMA Basic Gear Inspection for Operators

This course will provide a solid foundation for anyone going into gear inspection. Learn the common, current and basics of the tools and techniques used to measure and inspect gears. Understand the four main categories by which a gear is evaluated and classified.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-04-12

Mitutoyo Releases RTX Roundtracer Extreme

Mitutoyo America Corporation has released the RTX Roundtracer Extreme all-in-one measuring system that integrates roundness, contour and surface roughness measurement functions on a single platform to save time and improve productivity.

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-04-01

Inspection at Nano Level

GleasonGleason’s new 300GMS nano Gear Metrology System is built for today’s unprecedented transmission noise challenges and tooth form quality requirements. 300GMS nano delivers sub-micron analysis of tooth surface roughness after polish grinding; applies Advanced Waviness Analysis tools to detect and mitigate critical noise behavior caused by hard-to-find tooth form irregularities.

Log in or Register to view this article


INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-03-21

Mitutoyo Offers MiSTAR 555 CNC CMM with 5-Axis Probe System

Mitutoyo America Corporation has released the MiSTAR 555 CMM with the PH20 5-axis probe system.

PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-02-23

Product News

The complete Product News section from the January/February 2022 issue of Gear Technology, with new technology from Marposs, Solar Atmospheres, Mahr, Kennametal, Kapp Niles, Southern Gear, SMW Autoblok, WFL Millturn, Doosan Robotics and LK Metrology.

EVENT | 2022-02-19

IMTS 2024

The International Manufacturing Technology Show (IMTS) is the largest manufacturing technology show in the Western Hemisphere. The IMTS conference brings the industry together to discuss new opportunities and network with the manufacturing community. 
PRODUCT NEWS | 2022-02-10

Ipsen Expands Services with Vacuum Chamber Wall Thickness Testing

Ipsen has expanded its field service capabilities to include ultrasonic wall thickness testing for vacuum furnaces. The test helps custom...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-02-04

E-Drive Gear Inspection and Noise Analysis

Gleason offers technology that caters to e-Mobility applications.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-02-03

Southern Gear Adds Precision Measurement Resources

Southern Gear is meeting customer requirements for the precise measurement of increasingly complex cylindrical and bevel gears with two a...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-01-24

Open X Announces Verisurf Metrology Training Course

Open X Education, an interactive learning platform, in collaboration with Verisurf Software, Inc., announces the latest metrology learnin...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2022-01-11

LK Metrology Software Update Inspects Gears Automatically

Coordinate measuring machine (CMM) manufacturer LK Metrology has introduced a third release of its CAMIO 2021 programming and measurement...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-11-10

Starrett to Feature Metrology Solutions at WESTEC

The L.S. Starrett Company has announced it will be featuring its latest advanced metrology technology including Optical Comparators, Visi...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-10-19

LK Metrology Offers Large-Capacity Gantry CMMs

British coordinate measuring machine (CMM) manufacturer LK Metrology has introduced a third series of large-capacity models to sit alongs...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-09-27

Mitutoyo Introduces Roundtracer Flash to Form Measurement Product Line

Mitutoyo America Corporation is pleased to announce the release of the new Roundtracer Flash. This non-contact measuring unit is expected...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-09-24

Klingelnberg Presents Flexible Roll Testing on the R 300

The Höfler Cylindrical Gear Roll Testing Machine R 300 is the latest machine development from the engineering company Klingelnberg i...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-09-10

Buehler Webinar Series: Metallography and Failure Analysis

Buehler is sponsoring a webinar “Metallography and Failure Analysis” on September, 28, 2021, 9:30 am CST (China Standard Time...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-09-08

LK Metrology Releases Latest Version of CAMIO CMM Software

LK Metrology has announced the release of the latest version of its measurement, programming, analysis and reporting CMM software. Now ca...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2021-09-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the September/October 2021 issue of Gear Technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-09-01

Hexagon Introduces Non-Contact Laser Sensor for CMMs

Hexagon’s Manufacturing Intelligence division has announced the HP-L-10.10, a genre-busting non-contact laser sensor for Coordinate...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2021-08-01

Real-Time Results

Starrett Helps Produce Accurate and Repeatable Production Runs with Latest Metrology Equipment
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-07-13

API and QTE Announce Metrology Partnership

API and QTE Manufacturing Solutions have announced a partnership to make API’s laser-based dimensional metrology equipment availabl...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2021-07-01

Product News

Gear-related new technology from Norton Quantum Prime Grain, Danobat, Big Kaiser, Heidenhain and more.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-06-30

Exact Metrology Showcases Long-Range Scanning Capabilities

Exact Metrology offers a variety of long range (20 feet to entire facilities) high-definition technologies. The company uses high quality...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-06-29

LK Metrology Helps Cut Inspection Time in Half

At the U.S. transmission plant of a global automotive manufacturing group, component inspection times have been reduced by half or more f...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-06-07

KISSsoft Integrates Gear Manufacturing and Metrology into Holistic Process

With 4,000 licenses, KISSsoft is worldwide well-known and enjoys the reputation as a market leader in the field of design software. In ad...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-06-01

Hybrid Metrology with Klingelnberg

An overview of tactile and optical metrology

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2021-06-01

Hybrid Gear Metrology with Klingelnberg

An overview of tactile and optical gear metrology
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-06-01

Industry News

The latest news from Nordex, Gleason, Solar Atmospheres, and more.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2021-06-01

Mitutoyo Examines Modern Gear Measurement

When it comes to modern gear measurement, there are still essentially two primary tools that shops use. The first is a machine dedicated solely to measuring gears, which had been the primary method for many years, until recently.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2021-06-01

Quasi-Static Transmission Error Behavior Under the Composite Effect of Temperature and Load

Given the lack of information on thermal distortion effects in small size steel gears, an experimental study of quasi-static transmission error behavior under thermomechanical conditions is presented.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-05-11

Verisurf Partners with SmartTech3D for Metrology Solutions

Verisurf Software has partnered with SmartTech3D, Lomianki/Warsaw, Poland, to offer metrology customers, worldwide, comprehensive end-to-...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-05-05

LK Metrology Celebrates 58th Anniversary

LK Metrology, the Derbyshire, UK-based coordinate measuring machine (CMM) manufacturer, is celebrating its 58th anniversary this year as ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-05-03

Mitutoyo Introduces New EJ Counters and LG100 Series Linear Gages

Mitutoyo America Corporation has released new EJ Counters and LG100 Series Linear Gages to its expansive sensor lineup of metrology produ...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2021-05-01

Making Room for Productivity and Quality Requirements in Gear Grinding

A look at how gear grinding comes with unique production challenges.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2021-05-01

Product News

Gear-related new technology from Liquidtool Manager, Marposs, EDM Intelligent Solutions, Helios Gear Products, Kapp Niles Metrology and more.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 2021-05-01

Grinding it Out

My wife, Wendy, and I have been taking on a lot of DIY home improvement projects lately around the house.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-04-26

ANCA Provides Complete Skiving Cutter Solution for EV Transmissions

ANCA's TX and MX machines offer skiving cutter sharpening

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-04-08

Starrett Appoints VandeHei as Director of Sales, Metrology Systems

The L.S. Starrett Company has announced the appointment of Jim VandeHei as director of sales, Starrett Metrology Systems. In this newly c...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-04-06

EDM Intelligent Solutions Offers 5-Axis 3D Metrology Center

EDM Intelligent Solutions (EDMIS) is pleased to announce the release of their new MVi5 – 5-Axis 3D Metrology Center joining FANUC C...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-03-18

Kapp Niles Metrology Offers Roughness Measurement

Discover the option of roughness measurement from Kapp Niles Metrology for determining surface roughness of gear teeth. The tactile measu...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-03-16

Marposs Adds Electric Motor Testing with Electrical Dynamic Acquisition

Marposs has announced the acquisition of e.d.c. srl (Electrical Dynamic Company), an Italian company  based in Milan and a world lea...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-03-01

LK Metrology Enhances ALTERA C Accuracy and Speed

CMM manufacturer LK Metrology has designed a new, more efficient air bearing and carrier which are now being fitted as standard to its AL...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2021-02-24

Lessons Learned

No one succeeds in any field without help. Fifty years ago, I filled out a job application, took a physical, and counted t...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-02-22

Fatigue Strength and Service Calculation of Gears

Bevel gear design is well-established. Flank geometry optimization is used worldwide to ensure satisfactory low-noise emis...

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-02-18

LK Metrology Introduces Ultra-Accuracy Portable Measuring Arms

LK Metrology has been manufacturing static coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) since 1963. It has now expanded its FREEDOM arm range of ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-02-15

Verisurf Announces Complete 3D Scanning and Reverse Engineering Solution

Verisurf Software, Inc. recently announced special limited time pricing on its 3D scanning and reverse engineering solution bundle at $14...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-02-12

A Lesson in Workholding Fundamentals

Evolution of a Real-World Workholding Solution

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-02-04

Exact Metrology Offers Raytech Measuring Tables

Exact Metrology sells Raytech Measuring Systems. These are shop-floor dimensional measuring machines like the single axis and the three a...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2021-01-27

New Tools, Same Challenges

An online forum I occasionally visit recently posted a photo of a vintage drafting board and joked about younger people no...

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2021-01-25

LK Metrology Offers CMM Stylus Cleaning System

After detailed research into the effects of stylus tip contamination on metrology when using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), Dr Sim...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-12-28

Don't Forget the Follow-Up!

One of the cardinal rules of design engineering is that you will never overcome physics. It is an applied science so misunderstanding or ignoring m...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-12-18

LK Metrology Offers Remote Monitoring Platform

Aimed at multinational organizations with factories worldwide but equally applicable to medium size companies having several production f...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-12-16

OGP Celebrates 75 Years of Dimensional Metrology

Optical Gaging Products (OGP), a division of Quality Vision International Inc (QVI), is celebrating its milestone 75-year anniversary as ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-12-09

The Book of Knowledge

Gears are wonderful things. Unfortunately, they require support from shafts, bearings, and some sort of housing to be useful. Without these things,...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-11-18

First Steps

As mentioned in my last posting, blank sheets of paper present a huge challenge to any machinery designer. For the beginner, it is even a higher hu...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-11-13

Exact Metrology Offers HD Mode for 3D Scanners

Exact Metrology has increased the capability of their Artec 3D handheld scanners with the new HD mode. This Artificial Intelligence-power...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-11-11

The Terror of an Empty Sheet

Today’s title does not refer to writer’s block. After 660 contributions to the magazine and blog, I still have a few things to cover ahead of my pl...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-11-04

Facing Down Contact Ratio

Before we move on from helix angle restrictions, I want to say a few things about face contact ratio. Soon after the appearance of the first helica...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-11-03

Marposs Announces Remote Video Conference Testing and Acceptance Service

Marposs has announced its real-time Remote Testing and Acceptance Service. Marposs is enabling customers to participate in live testing, ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-10-23

Exact Metrology Opens New Illinois Location

Exact Metrology, a comprehensive 3D metrology service provider and hardware sales company, recently celebrated the opening of their newes...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-10-14

Closing the Gap

We left the gear tribe arguing over how to solve the problems that were cropping up with the new-fangled double helical or herringbone designs. Fas...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-10-05

Buehler to Host Virtual Hardness Testing Event

Buehler, an ITW Company is hosting Wilson Hardness Days, November 4-5, 2020. This virtual educational program includes two half days of a...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-09-30

Job Change Tales

Writers are often advised to “write about what you know.” My recent postings on recruitment, employee development, and fitting in was informed by a...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-08-10

Michigan Metrology Offers Online Courses in Surface Roughness, Texture and Tribology

Michigan Metrology, experts in solving problems related to surface texture, wear, finish and friction, are now offering courses in surfac...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-08-01

IMTS Future Tech

The Digital Manufacturing Revolution Evolves in 2020 IMTS will offer two comprehensive digital programs, IMTS Network and IMTS Sp...

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-08-01

Industry News

The latest news from GKN, Milan Manufacturing, Solar Atmospheres, Heidenhain, Furnaces North America, Gleason, Haas Multigrind, Schunk and Michigan Metrology
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-07-29

Are You Experienced?

Few of you are old enough to know why today’s title resonates with us old timers. Back in 1969, long before the kneeling protests, Jimi Hendrix peg...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-07-24

Help Wanted

Northwest Pennsylvania’s Oil Region has a long history in manufacturing. Many of the widgets that made oil extraction and processing possible were ...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2020-07-01

DIN Q6 Meets DIN Q10 - the Need for Modern Internal Gear Production

A meaningful discussion about noise is quite difficult because the impression of "noise" is quite subjective. Everybody has a lifetime experience with sound / noise and sees themselves as an expert.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-07-01

Industry News

The latest gear industry news from Machine Tool Builders, Global Gear, EMAG, Bourn & Koch, Klingelnberg and others.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-06-17

Hoffmann Group Taps WFL Millturn to Test and Optimize Tools

Pushed to the Maximum

With over 4,000 employees and an extensive range of tools, operating equipment and personal protec...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2020-06-01

CMM for Gear Inspection

Gear inspection has long been a highly specialized costly investment and an overall challenging part of the gear manufacturing process. Given that complicated gages, testers, and CNC equipment all go into creating high quality gears, companies may want to invest in a CMM to streamline inspection.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2020-06-01

Influence of the Contact Conditions in Cold Rolling on the Density Profile of Powder Metallurgical (PM) Gears

Due to production by pressing and sintering, PM gears are porous. Since pores reduce the loaded area and are also probable crack initiators, the porosity determines the strength of the PM component. PM gears can be densified to increase their local density and, therefore, the load-carrying capacity. PM gears are compacted locally since they are mainly loaded directly at the surface. A common process to densify PM gears locally is the cold rolling process. The contact conditions in the cold rolling process determine the density profile and, therefore, the material properties of the PM component. The influence of the contact conditions in cold rolling of PM gears on the resulting density profile is yet to be investigated.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-05-28

CAS DataLoggers Offers Vibration Measurement System

The Delphin vibration measurement system is highly accurate because it captures vibration frequencies, phase changes and amplitudes befor...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-05-22

Exact Metrology Offers Free Training Videos

Exact Metrology, a comprehensive metrology service provider, is offering free training videos on the company’s YouTube channel. Dur...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-05-19

Heidenhain Metrology Unit Offers Reliable Basic Measurement of 1D Values

With its rugged industrial design, Heidenhain’s new shop-floor hardened Gage-Chek 2000 evaluation electronics box is now available....
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-05-14

Wenzel Focuses on Latest Metrology Technology During Virtual Expo

Wenzel recently presented its broad solution portfolio for the measuring room and production during the Wenzel Expo 2020. The expo took p...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-05-13

Visiting Old Friends

Seven weeks into the lockdown, we are all looking for “new content.” Even with a full cable “package” there are times when it seems there is nothin...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-04-27

Walter Presents Vibration-Damping Technology for Machining

With Accure·tec, Walter provides a damping system specially for turning and milling using tools with a long projection length. The...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-04-24

Exact Metrology Offers Large Parts 3D Scanner

Exact Metrology, a comprehensive metrology service provider, now offers the RS-SQUARED area scanner. Manufactured by Hexagon Metrology ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-04-22

LK Metrology Reaches Out to Medical Manufacturers with CMM Assistance Program

Brian Samson, North American managing director for LK Metrology is announcing a special CMM Assistance Program they have developed to sup...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-04-22

Happy Earth Day!

Today is the 50th anniversary of Earth Day. It was fairly big news for me back in 1970 as one of its founders was a U.S. Senator from my home state...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-04-03

Verisurf Offers Free Metrology Training Courses and Software

Verisurf Software is offering its comprehensive online metrology training courses FREE of charge. Now through June 30, you can access Ver...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-04-01

Making the Most of a Bad Situation

These strange times will not last forever. All around the world, people are hunkered down to flatten the curve of hospital admissions. Medical prof...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-03-26

Mahr Adds Depth Gages to Wireless Line Offerings

Mahr Inc. has announced an expanded line of digital depth gages. The pocket-sized 30 EWRi is easy to take along for fast depth measuremen...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-03-17

Klingelnberg Offers Latest Metrology Solutions

For decades, users in a broad array of industries have relied on Klingelnberg’s proven measuring technology, which replaces up to s...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-03-11

Solar Atmospheres Offers In-House Metallographic Testing

Solar Atmospheres now offers in-house metallographic testing, with the recent purchase of a Zeiss AxioVert A1 Inverted Materials Microsco...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2020-03-01

Real-Time Measurement Opportunities

Shop floor inspection and gaging equipment is putting advanced metrology systems right on the factory floor. Here’s a collection of articles on shop floor inspection and gages from companies like Gleason, Mahr, Comtorgage, United Tool Supply and Frenco.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-02-26

After Further Review

Unless it is your team being robbed, you probably hate having a live broadcast interrupted by a video review. We sometimes feel this way during a d...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-02-19

Known Unknowns

In my last posting I mentioned the need for humility and skepticism. Before anyone think this is heading off into political commentary, let me expl...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2020-02-04

Worthy Apprentices

I have been posting about role models and mentors this year; now it is time to change the focus to the best ways to leverage the mentor/mentee rela...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2020-01-28

LK Metrology Launches New CMM Measurement Services Department

Located in their new North American Tech Center, LK Metrology has built a new CMM measurement services department for performing contract...
ASK THE EXPERT | 2020-01-01

Vickers vs. Knoop Hardness Testers for Measuring Case Depth in Carburized Parts

What are the pros and cons of using Vickers versus Knoop hardness testers for measuring case depth in carburized gears?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2020-01-01

Grinding Wheel Wear, Dressing, Tip Advance and Work Phase Angle Adjustment after Corrections

Are there rules to aid in grinding process optimization?
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-12-31

Continental Invests in LK Metrology Multi-Sensor Inspection System

Continental needed a high capacity system capable of rapid inspection cycles combined with fast surface scanning and accurate feature mea...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-12-26

Starrett Provides Software Solutions for Force and Material Testing

The L.S. Starrett Co., a leading global manufacturer of precision hand tool gages, a broad range of force testing, metrology equipment, a...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-12-11

Starrett Appoints Metrology Systems Vice President

The L.S. Starrett Company has announced the appointment of David Allen as vice president, Starrett Metrology Systems, effective November ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-12-05

Words to Avoid this Time of Year

Continuing from my previous post... Perhaps I should have started this weeks’ blogs with these thoughts. But that may have allowed some of you e...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-11-18

LK Metrology Offers New Range of Compact CMMs

A range of CMMs has been introduced by British manufacturer LK Metrology offering high accuracy and repeatability in a compact footprint....
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-11-01

A Comparative Study of Polymer Gears Made of Five Materials

The wear behavior of polymer gears made of five different materials has been investigated using an existing polymer gear test rig. Step loading tests at a constant speed of 1,000 rpm were performed. Significant differences in failure modes and performance have been observed for the five polymer gear materials for gear engagements of gears, with the same material as each other.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-11-01

The Application of Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) - Compatible Strategies for Measurement of Involute Gears

During the revision of ISO 1328-1:2013 Cylindrical gears — ISO system of flank tolerance classification, ISO Technical Committee TC 60 WG2 delegates discussed proposals that the standard should be modified to ensure that it is compatible with the ISO Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) series of standards (Refs. 1-3). This seems sensible because the gears are geometrical components, but after reviewing the implications, it was rejected because ISO TC 60 WG2 did not think the gear manufacturing industry was ready for such a radical change in measurement strategy. The feasibility of the implementation of gears into the GPS matrix of standards has been carried out and the results conclude that this is practical, provided some key issues related to measurement uncertainty and establishing appropriate KPIs are addressed.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-10-24

Finding the Leading Edge

I had planned to attend the MPT Show in Detroit last week and participate in Gear Technology ‘s Ask the Expert panel, but...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-10-10

That Blank Sheet of Paper

Does nature hate a vacuum more than a designer hates a blank sheet of paper? We will never know for sure because nature is too busy to write a blog...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-09-26

Exact Laser Receives Metrology Services Recognition

Exact Laser Measurements, Inc. has been awarded ‘Top External Provider 2018’ by Valiant TMS in recognition of its metrology s...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-09-17

Pursuing Perfection

I missed an important point in a product specification this week. Fortunately, my client caught it and I was able to submit another design in time ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-09-10

Patience in a World of Overnight Delivery

A consultant gets used to receiving emergency calls. Typically they are requests for help in getting a wayward project back on track or to fill in ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-09-10

Exact Metrology Attends CHS Career Expo

The Canton Area Chamber of Commerce, U of I Extension, Spoon River College and SIU School of Medicine recently hosted the Canton Career E...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-09-05

Company Pride

This belt buckle found its way to me recently when my daughter’s in-laws moved into a new house in the Chicago suburbs. The couple emigrated from P...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-09-01

Influence of Thermal Distortion on Spur Gear Tooth Contact

In this paper the effects of thermally induced geometry distortions on load distribution and transmission error have been analyzed.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-08-30

LK Metrology Celebrates First Anniversary as an Independent Company

At the Control 2019 exhibition in Stuttgart, Germany, British coordinate measuring machine (CMM) manufacturer LK Metrology celebrated its...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-08-30

Starrett Expands Hardness Testing Line

The L.S. Starrett Co. has significantly expanded its line of Benchtop Hardness Testers, adding seven Rockwell systems, eight Vickers syst...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-08-13

Gear Origins: Roman Cisek

I was lucky to get a job as a design engineer – drive train department with a big construction equipment manufacturer (HSW) in Poland, right after ...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-08-01

Microgear Measurement Standards: Comparing Tactile, Optical and Computed Tomography Measurements

PTB's two microgear measurement standards and their analyses using seven measurement methods which are then presented, evaluated and compared with each other.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-08-01

Optimizing the Operational Behavior of Bevel Gears Using a Tolerance Field-Based Approach

The authors use data analysis to determine which tolerances have the greatest effect on transmission error, enabling them to make adjustments and reduce production costs.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-07-30

Pieces of a Puzzle

One of the things I most enjoy about teaching newbies is the need to come up with different ways to explain important concepts. Today’s high school...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-07-22

API Acquires Exact Laser Measurements

Automated Precision, Inc (API) has announced the acquisition of Exact Laser Measurements, a leading provider of portable metrology servic...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-07-05

Gear Origins: Graham Penning

For the last few years I have delivered a gear foundation course to both young and experienced engineers wanting to understand gear technology, and...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-07-03

Exact Metrology Hosts Open House

Exact Metrology recently hosted its annual open house in Cincinnati, Ohio. Many old clients, as well as new ones, were on hand to learn a...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2019-07-01

Measurement Management

The secret to meeting today's inspection demands is influenced by the technology and those in charge of operating it.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2019-07-01

Gear Noise Analysis: Design and Manufacturing Challenges Drive New Solutions for Noise Reduction

Gear noise is among the issues of greatest concern in today's modern gearboxes. Significant research has resulted in the application of enhancements in all phases of gear manufacturing, and the work is ongoing. With the introduction of Electric Vehicles (EV), research and development in this area has surged in recent years. Most importantly, powerful new noise analysis solutions are fast becoming available.
ASK THE EXPERT | 2019-07-01

Tooth Thickness Tolerance and AGMA 2002-C16

A reader asks: We are currently revising our gear standards and tolerances and a few questions with the new standard AGMA 2002-C16 have risen. Firstly, the way to calculate the tooth thickness tolerance seems to need a "manufacturing profile shift coefficient" that isn't specified in the standard; neither is another standard referred to for this coefficient. This tolerance on tooth thickness is needed later to calculate the span width as well as the pin diameter. Furthermore, there seems to be no tolerancing on the major and minor diameters of a gear.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-07-01

Fully Automated Roughness Measurement on Gears — Even on the Shop Floor

Klingelnberg presents the technical aspects of its roughness measurement system.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-07-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the July 2019 issue of Gear Technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-06-25

LK Metrology to Display CMM models at Westec 2019

LK Metrology, Inc. will display in Booth 1257 at the Westec Show two different Altera CMM models, one equipped with MODUS software, the o...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-06-20

New Thinking on Old Topics

Claude Gosselin’s origin story reminds us that not everyone shares our enthusiasm for these ubiquitous but complicated artifacts. Just showing an i...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-06-18

Claude Gosselin: Gears — Why Not?

When I graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1978, I landed a job in the “cold section” at Pratt & Whitney Canada (PWC) in Montreal. In those d...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-06-04

Exact Metrology Hosts Open House

Exact Metrology will host an Open House at their Brookfield, Wisconsin location on Thursday, June 6, 2019, from 9 am to 3 pm central stan...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-06-04

And may you have the joy of passing something on…

One of the reoccurring themes in our “origin stories” project is the willingness of people to school us in the sometimes confusing world of gears. ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-05-31

Klingelnberg Offers Complete Measurement of Complex Components

Whether turning blanks, ground workpieces, or rolling bearings – Klingelnberg Precision Measuring Centers of G variant – the ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-05-24

Finding the Limits

Jim Richard’s account of his journey from youthful experimenter to designer of cutting edge gear processing equipment illustrates the amazing thing...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-05-16

Free Agents Welcome

Mr. Hinz’s “transfer” from hydraulics to gearing points...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-05-09

My Story – Bob Handschuh

Most of us only think of NASA with regard to the “S” [Space] in its acronym. The first “A” [Aerospace] is just as important to its mission of s...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-05-07

Dave Hinz — My Story

Sometimes there is a “gear guy” lurking inside an ordinary engineer. Risking the embarrassment of a poor result on an unexpected “pop quiz” was...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-05-02

A Fresh Set of Eyes

Hanspeter Dinner’s account of his “baptism by fire” into the gear industry contains a number of important lessons for other “newbies”; some reminde...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2019-05-01

CTI Symposium USA 2019

The Past, Present and Future of Vehicle Electrification
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-04-30

Hanspeter Dinner—My Story

It was the middle of December — rainy, dark, late, cold. My job with a roller coaster company was the wrong choice. I had a job interview with KISS...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-04-24

Yefim Kotlyar — My Story

Yefim Kotlyar is a wonderful example of how gears unite the world. His background is much different than mine, yet we share a deep appreciation...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-04-03

Mahr Offers MarSurf GD Series for Roughness Measurements

Mahr Inc. has announced the addition of the MarSurf GD series for roughness measurements to its new line of surface measuring instruments...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-03-29

Exact Metrology Represents GOM CT in the United States

Exact Metrology recently announced that they’ve become a distributor of the GOM CT scanner in the U.S. The announcement was made by...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-03-26

LK Metrology Introduces 5-Axis Multi-Sensor CMM for Complex Component Inspection

LK Metrology, Inc. has introduced a new Altera CMM called the Scantek 5, that is coupled with Renishaw’s Revo-2 scanning system and...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-03-26

Remembering the Giants

While writing about the “degrees of connection” between current industry leaders and th...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-03-19

Six Degrees of Gears ...

Our next “origin story” author is another consulting en...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-03-14

My Career in Gears: Ray Drago

When I was in high school (Manual Training High School in Brooklyn, NY) I had a general science teacher, Mrs. Gaudiello, who recognized something i...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2019-03-01

Moving Heat Treating In-Line

Single Piece Flow Streamlines Production for High-Volume Gear Manufacturers.
ASK THE EXPERT | 2019-03-01

Relationship between Misalignment and Transmission Error in Cross- Axes Helical Gear Assemblies

Question: I am a gear engineer for a motor manufacturer in China. I am writing about noise generated from cross-helical gear assembly error. I want to learn the relationship between the misalignment (center distance change and cross-angle shift) and transmission error. It is better under the loading and theory conditions. What is the trend of cross-helical gear development (use ZI worm and involute helical gear, point contact)?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2019-03-01

Experimental Study on the Pitting Detection Capabilities for Spur Gears Using Acoustic Emission and Vibration Analysis Methods

An experimental investigation on spur gears to characterize pitting degradation process using monitoring features.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-02-27

Hexagon Offers Fixed-Line Blue Laser Scanning Sensor for CMMs

Hexagon’s Manufacturing Intelligence division recently launched its first blue laser scanning sensor for creating point clouds. The...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-02-26

Old Soldiers

Almost every week, it seems, we read of the passing of ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2019-02-01

API Focuses on Smart Factory Metrology

Automated Precision, Inc. has announced a global rebranding. The company name has been changed to API in recognition of its name abbrevia...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-01-31

The Importance of Dirty Hands

My dear friend Octave’s account of his co-op experience (see Tuesday’s 1-29 post) reinforces my belief that no one should trust an engineer or desi...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2019-01-30

From Co-op to Vice President: Octave A. LaBath

I was attending the University of Cincinnati in the college of engineering. After my freshman year in 1960, I started my co-op job with the Cincinn...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2019-01-01

The Growth of Australian Regenerative Load Testing

Historically, gearbox original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and repair organizations have tended to offer their customers no-load, full speed (spin) tests as a standard performance test. If a load test was specified, the supplier would probably offer a locked torque back-to-back simulated load test, which requires a large investment in tooling to connect shafts of the test and slave gearboxes.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2019-01-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the January/February issue of Gear Technology.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-12-13

Pulling Back the Curtain

While there have been big changes on the design side of the gear trade, they are overshadowed by the improvements in the manufacturing processes. F...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-12-06

Kennametal Develops Vibration-Free Boring System

Kennametal has developed a new boring system that boasts an effective anti-chatter mechanism, and also offers an extensive range of index...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-12-06

Out With the Old

No technology ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-12-05

Coordinate Metrology Society Announces Call for Papers

The Coordinate Metrology Society (CMS) has announced it has formally issued a call for technical papers for the 35th annual Coordinate Me...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-12-04

Dealing with Obsolescence

Emerging technology gets lots of coverage in all forms of media; obsolete technology is still the backbone of our economy. Self-driving vehicles ex...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-12-03

LK Metrology Launches Latest Version of CAMIO CMM Software

Metrology software has challenges in most application environments—and LK Metrology’s new 8.5 version of their CAMIO CMM soft...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-11-23

API Offers Robot Performance Measurement and Calibration Solution

Laser measurement technology company, API, announces the launch of a Laser Tracker based industrial robot performance and calibration sol...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-11-21

Power-Gen International Preview: Exact Metrology

Exact Metrology will exhibit at this year’s Power-Gen International held in Orlando, Florida. Celebrating 30 years, Power-Gen focus...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-11-20

A Time for Gratitude

An early winter storm has knocked out our Internet connection as I write this. A startling reminder of just how much we rely on the world wide web ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-11-15

Beautiful on the Inside

Higher Quality Internal Gears

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-11-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the November/December 2018 issue of Gear Technology.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-10-25

Changing Bearings

Just as “conventional thinking” h...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-10-12

Starrett Digital Gages Offer Diverse Force Measurements

The L.S. Starrett Co. has introduced its DFC and DFG Series of Digital Handheld Force Gages. Depending on the series, advanced automati...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-10-09

Where to Next?

We have devoted this year to going over fundamentals of gear and gearbox design and manufacture. Before we move on to other topics, I would like to...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-10-04

Repairing Gears

Deadlines and budgets do not always allow for “first class” gearbox rebuilds. The challenge for rebuild shops is to find the fastest and most econo...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-09-20

Frequently Asked Questions

Backlash “adju...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-09-14

The Usual Suspects

Once you accept that “stuff” happens in even the best of machine shops, you can begin to assess where the problems are likely to occur and start th...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-09-07

Something is not Right Here

Another benefi...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-09-05

Hainbuch Taps Hänel for Mandrel Prototype Test

Hard work and first-class teamwork between the gear factory Hänel and Hainbuch has paid off. The new mandrel Mando G211 for gear manufacturers, sui...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2018-09-01

Product News

See the latest gear industry products from Marposs, GWJ Technology, Norton|Saint Gobain, Mitutoyo, C&B Machinery, DMG Mori, Gear Motions and LK Metrology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-08-31

IMTS 2018 Preview: LK Metrology

LK Metrology, Inc. will be exhibiting at the 2018 IMTS SHOW in Booth E-5060 on level three in the East Building of McCormick Place in Chi...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-08-30

Gearbox Design: Checks and Double Checks

We have been devoting this year’s blogs to fundamentals. I frequently remind my clients that the gear geometry is the easy part of gearbox design. ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-08-15

IMTS 2018: A Field Guide

Chicago Preps for the Next Manufacturing Technology Extravaganza Matthew Jaster, Senior Editor
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-08-13

International Gear Conference 2018

Lyon, France. Mechanical transmission components such as gears, rolling element bearings, CVTs, belts, chains, etc. are present in every industrial...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-07-17

Gear Design: Putting Knowledge to Work

We have now sp...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-07-16

Planetary Gears: A Few More Things

Before we move...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-07-03

Planetary Gears: Inside Information

The Story So Far

FEATURE ARTICLES | 2018-07-01

Overlapping Pursuits

More than any other field, IIoT overlaps directly with metrology's mission to analyze and measure as much of the manufacturing process as possible, and it's no surprise that the latter is utilizing the former.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2018-07-01

In-Process, Complete Gear Inspection at Light Speeds

New GRSL technology adds value to high-volume transmission gear inspection by combining non-contact laser inspection with tried-and-true composite roll testing.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2018-07-01

Inspection System Upgrades Meet EV Gear Challenges

Delta Research upgrades its Gleason Metrology Workhorses to meet the development requirements of the latest electrical drive vehicles.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2018-07-01

Complete Measurement of Gearbox Components

In today's production environment, a variety of different measurement devices is used to assess the quality and accuracy of workpieces. These devices include CMMs, gear checkers, form testers, roughness testers, and more. It requires a high machine investment and a high handling effort - especially if a full end-of-line measurement is needed. One approach to reduce quality costs is to include all measurements in one single machine that is suitable and robust enough for use in production.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-06-26

Zoller Highlights Smart Factory Solutions

Zoller Inc. has a new digital playground in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The tooling, inspection and tool management company now has 44,000+ sq. ft. of spa...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-06-21

Gear Materials: More Inside Heat Treating Trivia

In our last bl...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-06-20

Gear Materials: You Don’t Know What You Don’t Know

Before we leave our study of materials, I want to share a few thoughts on heat treating, lab tests, and hardness testing. When you start working wi...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-06-14

Options for Material Selection

Disclaimer: This is the policy I follow for material selection. Your situation may call for a different decision. You should not adopt this pol...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-06-12

Can We Use This Instead?

Right up there with the dreaded “blank sheet of paper” is the inevitable question of “Can we use this instead?” It came as a real shock to me the f...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-06-07

Hardenability 102

Material Grade in Gears

ASK THE EXPERT | 2018-06-01

Selecting the Right Tooth Thickness

A reader asks: We are currently revising our gear standards and tolerances, and a few problems with the new standard AGMA 2002-C16 have arisen. Firstly, the way to calculate the tooth thickness tolerance seems to need a "manufacturing profile shift coefficient" that isn't specified in the standard; neither is another standard referred to for this coefficient. This tolerance on tooth thickness is needed later to calculate the span width as well as the pin diameter. Furthermore, there seems to be no tolerancing on the major and minor diameters of a gear.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2018-06-01

Standard Samples for Grinder Burn Etch Testing

A different method to produce a sample that has a very consistent amount of thermal damage.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-05-31

Parsing the Fine Print

If my last posting prompted you to look at a copy of a material cert, you probably noticed that the cert has much more information on it than just ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-05-24

The Right Stuff

Even the most brilliant gear design will fail if the wrong material is used to make the parts. Our understanding of metallurgy and alloying element...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-05-07

Gear Testing at Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation Delivers Timely, Efficient Results

Experimental proof of load carrying capacity, excitation behavior or efficiency is obligatory in the development process of most transm...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-04-26

Actions Have Consequences

The initial motivation for changing outside diameters was the avoidance of undercutting. Designers, engineers, and theoreticians quickly discovered...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-04-25

The Long and Short of It

One of the problems with “tribal knowledge” is that the terminology can confuse those who are not fully immersed in that community. I have lost ...

GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-04-19

Hunting for a Solution

Most of you are excused for missing the attempted humor in the above headline. So, I will violate the first rule of comedy and explain the joke. An...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-03-20

Minimal Worm Expertise

Worm gearing has long been a big part of the mechanical world. If you work in the gear trade, “civilians” will rightly expect you to know things ab...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-03-08

ASF Metrology to Acquire Nikon's CMM Business

Nikon Metrology announced today that ASF Metrology intends to acquire Nikon Metrology's coordinate measuring machines (CMM) business....
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-03-06

Nothing Remains Constant

We cannot leave our lesson about tooth depths without covering bevel gears. There is a tendency to think of bevels and worms as being best left to ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-03-01

Industry News

Germany adopts ISO 1328 standard for the measurement of gears, plus other news and announcements from around the industry.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-02-22

If Only It Was That Simple

In my last blog we went over “pitch” descriptions for spur gears. Engineers being stubborn individuals, it has not been possible to reach a consens...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-02-16

Mitutoyo America HR-530 Rockwell Hardness Testers Features Unique Electronic Control and Inside Ring Hardness Testing

Mitutoyo America Corporation is pleased to announce the release of the latest Rockwell Hardness Testers in its HR-530 Series, including t...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-02-12

IIoT Spotlight: The Job Shop

As IIoT solutions become more readily available throughout the manufacturing sector, challenges continue when you start looking specifically at the...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-01-18

KISSsoft 03/2018 Beta Version is Available for Testing

The KISSsoft 03/2018 Beta Version has now been released for a test run. The final release will be available from April 23rd, 2018 - just ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2018-01-11

Solar Atmospheres Adds Tensile Testing to List of Services

In a continuing quest to enhance customer service, Solar Atmospheres of Western PA has expanded its wings by adding another type of mecha...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2018-01-11

The Beginning of Wisdom

Faithful followers of this blog can complete that mantra without prompting, but for new readers — the beginning of wisdom is calling things by thei...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2018-01-01

Analysis of the Influence of the Working Angles on the Tool Wear in Gear Hobbing

A calculation method is developed to estimate tool wear on hobs.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2018-01-01

Globalization's Effect Upon Gear Steel Quality

Background on the development of a high-speed, automatic hardness tester for gear steels.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-12-20

Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence Donates ROMER Absolute Arms to Workshops for Warriors' Metrology Program

Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence announced its support for Workshops for Warriors (WFW), a non-profit school created to train military ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-12-14

Engineering Safety (Part Two)

To an engineer there are no accidents, only unanticipated consequences of situations that need to be better understood. We even have a rule about i...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-11-30

Still Pumped About Herringbones

I rambled on about herringbone gear in my last posting but still have more to share on these once commonplace gears. Today we’ll cover the use of c...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-11-17

Gleason GRSL Sets Standard for Throughput for High-Speed, High-Volume Testing

The GRSL Gear Rolling System with Laser provides both double flank roll testing as well as analytical index and involute measurement on a...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-11-16

Herringbones 102

Imagine for a moment that your boss invented the herringbone tooth form and tasked you with building machines to cut them. This was the situation P...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-11-07

Jenoptik Industrial Metrology Hommel-Etamic Wavemove Measuring Station Features Eight-Axis CNC Measurement Technology

The Jenoptik Industrial Metrology division offers a fully automated measuring station which can be operated directly by staff on the prod...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-11-06

Mahr Inc. MarOpto MT 100 Fizeau Interferometer Towers Offers In-Production Measurement Solution

Mahr Inc. has introduced the MarOpto MT 100, the first in a new series of Fizeau interferometer towers for measuring optics directly in p...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-11-02

Swag of the Expo Awards

My last blog covered the motivation for the Swag of the Expo award and my inspiration in creating it. Top contenders that did not quite qualify for...
ASK THE EXPERT | 2017-11-01

Friction Coefficient of Differently Treated Steel Surfaces

A reader asks about ion-nitride finished shafts and the proper friction coefficient to be used for calculations.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-10-12

Thinking Big

My local newspaper’s lead story today concerned the explosive demolition of a highway bridge in nearby Tionesta, PA. As luck would have it, our mos...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-10-10

Napoleon Engineering Services Announces Rolling-Contact Fatigue and Wear Testing

The largest independent bearing testing and inspection facility in the United States, Napoleon Engineering Services (NES) has announced t...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-09-26

Where Did All the Big Projects Go?

Remembering the “good old days” too often or too fondly is an occupational hazard for a veteran blogger like me. I try to temper “story time” with ...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2017-09-01

ASM Heat Treat 2017

Don't miss these exhibitors co-located with Gear Expo.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-08-31

Cost Reduction Ideas

A commentator recently asked for “real world” examples of how he could reduce costs and win more orders. Improved technology is often cited as the ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-08-29

Fact Checking Legends

The much better half returned from her first beauty shop appointment in Oil City, shaking her newly coiffed head. Her stylist was an Oil Country li...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-08-18

Coordinate Metrology Society Holds Portable Measurement Technology Conference

The Coordinate Metrology Society (CMS) oversaw the 2017 Coordinate Metrology Society Conference (CMSC) in Snowbird, Utah, hosted hundreds...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-08-08

WZL Gear Conference Highlights Latest Technology

Liebherr Gear Technology Inc. recently hosted the 7th WZL Gear Conference in the USA 2017 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This two-day program o...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-08-01

Industry News

Results from the 2017 Powder Metallurgy Design Excellence Awards, plus other news from around the industry.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-07-13

Continuous Improvement

Much of my gear career has involved the oil patch, so it was a treat to tour the Drake Oil Well Museum near Titusville Pennsylvania recently. Colon...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2017-07-01

Measuring Left and Right

CMM Inspection vs. GMM Inspection. Speed is the name of the game.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2017-07-01

Gear Inspection at Light Speed

Revolutionary new inspection technologies are helping gear manufacturers develop and produce more complex, higher quality gears in a fraction of the time it used to take.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-07-01

Industry News

AGMA adds two new committees, Star Cutter Celebrates 90 years, plus other news from around the industry.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2017-06-01

Gear Grinding Today

New divisions, open houses and the continued rise of the Industrial Internet of Things - There's been a lot going on in gear grinding in the past year.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-06-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the June 2017 issue of Gear Technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-05-31

Mahr Federal Depth Gaging Equipment Provide Wireless Data Transmission to Expedite Measurement Process

Mahr Federal expands its line of wireless gaging products to include a range of depth gaging products. Digital Depth Gage MarCal 30 EWR, ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-05-08

Mahr MarCom Professional 5.2 Metrology Software Connects up to 32 Instruments Wirelessly, 128 Wired

Mahr Federal is now offering its MarCom Professional metrology software version 5.2 as a free download from Mahr's website. MarCom 5....
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-05-04

Kapp Niles Founds Metrology Division

Kapp Niles has announced the expansion of its product portfolio by adding high-end metrology solutions. The new-found division Kapp Niles...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2017-05-01

Girth Gears - More than Just Metal and Teeth

Large, multi-segmented girth gears do not behave like the relatively compact, rigid, monolithic structures we typically envision when discussing gear manufacturing. Girth gears are very large, non-rigid structures that require special care during the machining of individual mating segments as well as the assembled gear blank itself.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-04-27

Mahr Dimensional Metrology and Gaging Products to be Presented at EASTEC

Mahr Federal will showcase three key products from their broad line of dimensional metrology and gaging products at this year's EASTE...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-04-11

Gleason Inspection System Offers Key Measurements on Single Platform

Gleason Corporation’s new 300GMSL Multi-Sensor Gear Inspection System will have its European première at the Control Show in...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-03-30

Open Source Part II

One of the things I mention when teaching about gears is the long history of great minds who have contributed to our field. Early readers of Ge...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-03-28

Should Gear Technology be Open Source?

One of the few things I miss about my old commute is all the great content I heard on public radio. Ten hours a week of news, in depth features, an...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-03-21

Worm Gears: Higher Energy Efficiency and Less Strain on Resources

Introduction The concepts of sustainability and energy efficiency are gaining importance in power transmission engineering. Mor...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-03-14

Shared Knowledge

If you think you know something, try teaching it. Putting aside the average engineer’s aversion to public speaking, the prospect of organizing your...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-03-09

Coordinate Metrology Society Overhauls Website for Portable Metrologists

The Coordinate Metrology Society (CMS) recently announced the unveiling of its brand refresh and new website. The new website serves as a...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2017-03-01

Analysis and Optimization of Contact Ratio of Asymmetric Gears

This article presents an analysis of asymmetric tooth gears considering the effective contact ratio that is also affected by bending and contact tooth deflections. The goal is to find an optimal solution for high performance gear drives, which would combine high load capacity and efficiency, as well as low transmission error (which affects gear noise and vibration).
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-02-23

Marposs Optoquick 3.0 High Precision Gage Delivers Both Tactile and Optical Measurement Technology in One Package

Marposs announces the introduction of Optoquick 3.0, its latest addition to the industrial gauging solutions portfolio. Optoquick is a hi...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-02-21

Unreasonable Backlash

Not to worry — no politics here. The “backlash” I want to talk about is the “lost motion” in gear systems. It sometimes seems to rile people up alm...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-02-15

KISSsoft 03/2017 Beta Version is Available for Testing

The KISSsoft 03/2017 Beta Version has now been released for a test run. The final release will be available April 24th, 2017 - just in ti...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2017-02-14

Faster is Not Always Better

That old “Overhead” article reminded me of what a shock it was when we first moved into cellular manufacturing. After years of investigating ways t...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-01-31

Mahr Custom RPM Gage Designed for Dynamic Measurement of Cylindrical Parts

The MarSolutions team at Mahr Federal has developed a customized RPM gage for the dynamic measurement of cylindrical parts such as commut...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2017-01-04

Nikon Metrology Partners with Bradford Instrument & Gage

Nikon Metrology is pleased to announce their new partnership with leading metrology and manufacturing technology distributor, Bradford In...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2017-01-01

Slow and Steady

The results of our Annual State of the Gear Industry Survey (See page 26) provided insight on 2016 as well as forecasts for 2017. Here is additional insight from some of the industry's leaders.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2017-01-01

Repair of Large, Surface-Degraded Industrial Gears - a New Approach

This paper presents a new approach to repair industrial gears by showing a case study where pressure angle modification is also considered, differently from the past repairing procedures that dealt only with the modification of the profile shift coefficient. A computer program has been developed to automatically determine the repair alternatives under two goals: minimize the stock removal or maximize gear tooth strength.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-12-13

Job Satisfaction

    Every once in a while you need a reminder of why you enjoy your work. This week I got to witness final testing of a...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-11-22

Thanksgiving

I was going to reflect on how November 22, 1963 changed so many things, but decided it wasn’t an anniversary ending in a five or a zero and I would...
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 2016-11-01

Our Next Leader

No, not that president! I mean Matt Croson, the new president of the American Gear Manufacturers Association, who started in June and has been busy getting to know the gear industry and AGMA's members.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-11-01

The Role of Natural Frequencies in Grinding Systems Vibration

Excessive machine tool vibration during a precision grinding operation can result in poor workpiece quality in the form of chatter, rough finishes, burn, etc. One possible reason for excessive vibration is directly associated with the relationship between natural frequencies of a machine tool system and the operating speed of the grinding wheel spindle.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-11-01

Influence of Topography Deviations on the Psychoacoustic Evaluation of Ground Bevel Gears

In the design process of transmissions, one major criterion is the resulting noise emission of the powertrain due to gear excitation. Within the past years, much investigation has shown that the noise emission can be attributed to quasi-static transmission error. Therefore, the transmission error can be used for a tooth contact analysis in the design process, as well as a characteristic value for quality assurance by experimental inspections.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-10-27

The Limits of Genius

There is an old saying that “the fools always win in the end because stupidity has no limits, while genius does.” Occasionally we see this acted ou...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-10-04

Business or Art?

Continuing with the Manufacturing Month theme… Darle W. Dudley referred to the gear trade as an “art.” This reminds me of the early days of Ge...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-09-08

Kapp Technologies Takes Majority Ownership in Penta Gear Metrology

Kapp Technologies announces it has become majority partner in Penta Gear Metrology, LLC. Penta Gear Metrology LLC builds both functi...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2016-09-01

Product News

News on the latest products in the industry.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-09-01

A Proposed Pre-Finish Cylindrical Gear Quality Standard

This proposed standard would not make any recommendations regarding the required quality for any application. The intent is to establish standard pre-finish quality classes for typical finishing operations, which only include the inspection elements that are important to properly evaluate pre-finish gear quality as it applies to the finishing operation. It would be the responsibility of the manufacturing/process engineer, quality engineer, or other responsible individual to establish the required pre-finish quality class for their application.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-08-02

Phase II Ultrasonic Hardness Tester Provides Portable Measurement of Both Hard and Soft Metals

This handheld device allows the measure of hardness on small, large, flat, round, thin or thick workpieces. This rugged metal body unit i...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2016-08-01

IMTS 2016 Booth Previews

Comprehensive descriptions of what you will find in the booths of many leading gear industry suppliers at IMTS 2016.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-07-26

Cortec EcoShield 386 Water Based Coating Achieves 1,000 Hours of Salt Spray Testing

Through the Nano VpCI coatings chemistry of Cortec Laboratories, the first water based coating has been created to withstand a minimum 1,...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-07-21

Mitutoyo America 519 Series Mu-Checker Probes and Displays Allow Multi-Point Measurements of Small Parts

Mitutoyo America Corporation introduces the 519 Series of high-accuracy Mu-Checker probes and displays. These electronic gaging systems a...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-07-20

Covering All Angles

Klingelnberg Hosts 6th WZL Gear Conference in the USA 2016  Matthew Jaster, Senior Editor ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-07-05

What if We Save the World Anyway?

In the midst of a heated discussion on the environment fifteen years ago, my son asked a thought provoking question: “What if we saved the world an...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-07-01

Mitutoyo Quick Vision Active CNC Vision Measurement System Offers Interchangeable Objective Zoom Lenses

Mitutoyo America Corporation has announced the addition of the Quick Vision Active series to the line-up of vision measurement systems. T...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-07-01

Hybrid Hertzian and FE-Based Helical Gear-Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis and Comparison with FE

Gear-loaded tooth contact analysis is an important tool for the design and analysis of gear performance within transmission and driveline systems. Methods for the calculation of tooth contact conditions have been discussed in the literature for many years. It's possible the method you've been using is underestimating transmission error in helical gears. Here's why.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-06-22

When Do You Trust Computers?

As mentioned previously in this blog, I am active in motor racing as a car owner, mechanic, and public relations representative. I first became a f...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2016-06-01

Worm Gear Efficiency Estimation and Optimization

This paper outlines the comparison of efficiencies for worm gearboxes with a center distance ranging from 28 - 150 mm that have single reduction from 5 to 100:1. Efficiencies are calculated using several standards (AGMA, ISO, DIN, BS) or by methods defined in other bibliographic references. It also deals with the measurement of torque and temperature on a test rig — required for the calibration of an analytical model to predict worm gearbox efficiency and temperature. And finally, there are examples of experimental activity (wear and friction measurements on a blockon- ring tribometer and the measurements of dynamic viscosity) regarding the effort of improving the efficiency for worm gear drivers by adding nanoparticles of fullerene shape to standard PEG lubricant
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-05-06

EasyZero Runout Compensation Nuts Feature Six Adjustment Screws for Fixing Runout Errors

EasyZero runout compensation nuts quickly correct runout errors and misalignment for all round tools using ER collets, and will be featur...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-05-03

R&P Metrology Installs Large Mobile Inspection Equipment

R&P Metrology GmbH has announced it has recently installed two very large portable measuring machines, one in Asia and one in Europe....
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-04-14

Complex Antiques

I have a wonderfully complex gearbox to reverse engineer. It is a critical component for a thriving company that is the only known gearbox of its t...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-04-07

Mahr Federal MarSolutions Engineered Metrology Team Assists Customers in Choosing Gaging Solutions

Mahr Federal has established a special team within its Engineered Products Division to augment custom gage development directly with cust...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-04-04

Mahr Announces Stuart Manser as Director of Sales, Precision Gages for North America

Mahr Federal has named Stuart Manser as Director of Sales, Precision Gages for North America. Reporting directly to Mahr Federal CEO Tony...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-03-31

Emuge FPC Mill-Drill Chucks Deliver Rigidity, Vibration Dampening and Machining Speed

Emuge Corp., in partnership with Albrecht Precision Chucks, has introduced high precision/performance Emuge FPC Mill/Drill Chucks that pr...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-03-10

Your Results May Vary

  We have all seen the Internet meme of politicians wearing corporate logos so the public will know who their backers are. I would like to ...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2016-03-01

Plastic Gearing Continues Converting the Unconverted

Plastic gears are everywhere today - throughout your car, at the oceans' lowest depths, in deep space. The question, when is a metal gear a candidate for plastic conversion, can be addressed in three words, i.e. what's the application?
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-02-16

Cold Weather Designs

    Growing up in Milwaukee I learned about cold weather early and got a refresher course every winter. These lessons served me wel...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-02-11

The World before Wikipedia and Google

I have a lot of books. Like old friends, they sit on shelves and in boxes waiting for me to need them. It has been pointed out to me that books are...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-02-03

Attendee Registration Opens for 2016 Coordinate Metrology Society Conference

The Coordinate Metrology Society (CMS), the eminent membership association for 3D measurement professionals, has announced its online att...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-01-28

Room for Improvement

Previous blogs here have celebrated the great advances made in gear industry design capabilities and machine tools. As the “paper of record” for th...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-01-25

Mahr Federal System Generates Single Pass Surface and Contour Measurements

Mahr Federal has introduced a new "entry level" surface finish and contour measuring system that can generate both surface and ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2016-01-21

Hexagon Offers Latest ROMER Absolute Arm for High-End 3D Measurements

Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence announced its new, top-of-the-line addition to the ROMER Absolute Arm portable coordinate measuring ma...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-01-19

A Wide World of Gears

Blogging from an American perspective can sometimes make me forget that the gear industry is active around the world. I get occasional reminders in...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-01-07

Who Offered the First Enclosed Gearbox?

Let’s start 2016 off with a joint research project. While visiting a client late last year we got to talking gear history and he recounted a story ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2016-01-05

Happy to be Back to Work?

As much as I enjoy a bit of time off it gets boring if I am away from gears for too long. Since I have been in the consulting trade the lull in act...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2015-11-19

MP Tool Chuck Test Stand Provides Automated Durability Testing While Replicating Real-World Scenarios

MP Tool & Engineering’s new chuck test stand with touchscreen monitor provides automated durability and functionality testing w...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2015-11-01

Buyers Guide

The 2015 Gear Technology Buyers Guide was compiled to provide you with a handy resource containing the contact information for significant suppliers of machinery, tooling, supplies and services used in gear manufacturing.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-09-29

Honorable Data

The huge flap over the Volkswagen “defeat code” for diesel EPA testing is a cautionary tale for all engineers and executives — regardless of produc...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-09-24

Representing Our Trade

Ever get random gear questions thrown your way? As a rather public “gear guy” I am used to questions coming in via e-mail and try to answer promptl...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-09-22

How Reliable is Our Information?

How much can we trust our understanding of how things work? There was a special joint web ex meeting this week between two AGMA committees that got...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2015-09-01

Product News

News about New Products
ASK THE EXPERT | 2015-09-01

Gear Macrogeometry

I have outsourced gear macrogeometry due to lack of resources. Now I received the output from them and one of the gears is with —0.8× module correction factor for m = 1.8 mm gear. Since bending root stress and specific slide is at par with specification, but negative correction factor —0.8× module — is quite high — how will it influence NVH behavior/transmission error? SAP and TIF are very close to 0.05 mm; how will that influence the manufacturing/cost?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-09-01

Gear Tooth Surface Roughness of Helical Gears Manufactured by a Form Milling Cutter

Manufacturing involute gears using form grinding or form milling wheels are beneficial to hobs in some special cases, such as small scale production and, the obvious, manufacture of internal gears. To manufacture involute gears correctly the form wheel must be purpose-designed, and in this paper the geometry of the form wheel is determined through inverse calculation. A mathematical model is presented where it is possible to determine the machined gear tooth surface in three dimensions, manufactured by this tool, taking the finite number of cutting edges into account. The model is validated by comparing calculated results with the observed results of a gear manufactured by an indexable insert milling cutter.
EVENTS | 2015-08-01

Calendar

Calendar of upcoming events
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2015-07-06

Mitutoyo LEGEX 4 CNC Machine Provides High-Accuracy Measurements

Mitutoyo America Corporation recently released the latest LEGEX CNC coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The LEGEX 4 delivers accuracy in ...
ASK THE EXPERT | 2015-07-01

Determining Bull Gear Wear

We are currently experiencing wear on the bull gear on our converter at the steel plant. We want to be able to draw the original gear profile to compare this with the worn tooth before we decide on the next steps. I have attempted this, but there is a correction factor given and I am unsure how to apply this. Could someone give advice on this? Please find attached the PDF’s for the bull gear and the pinion gear. They are old drawings! The wear is on the wheel.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-07-01

I Like Big Gears and I Cannot Lie!

Many years ago, when asked how the five-meter gear was checked, the quality manager responded, “When they’re that big, they’re never bad!” That may have been the attitude and practice in the past, but it no longer serves the manufacturer nor the customer. Requirements have been evolving steadily, requiring gears to perform better and last longer.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-06-09

When Do You Trust Computers?

As mentioned previously in this blog, I am active in motor racing as a car owner, mechanic, and public relations representative. I’ve first became ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-06-04

Things We Don’t Know

Noted gear consultant and gear educator Ray Drago is fond of saying that a consultant’s best answers usually start with “it depends.” Those of you ...
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 2015-06-01

Good Morning, Class

Since we began publishing in 1984, Gear Technology's mission has been to educate our readers. For 31 years, we've shown you the basics of gear manufacturing as well as the cutting edge. We take our educational mission quite seriously, and we go through steps that most publishers don't have time for or wouldn't consider.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2015-06-01

Industry News

News from Around the Gear Industry
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-06-01

Optimal Modifications on Helical Gears for Good Load Distribution and Minimal Wear

Helical gear teeth are affected by cratering wear — particularly in the regions of low oil film thicknesses, high flank pressures and high sliding speeds. The greatest wear occurs on the pinion — in the area of negative specific sliding. Here the tooth tip radius of the driven gear makes contact with the flank of the driving gear with maximum sliding speed and pressure.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-05-21

Applied Science, Part Two

My previous posting on engineering vs. science reminded me of a professor who insisted “real engineers” had to be able to reason things back to “fi...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-05-07

Applying Business Metaphors to Sports

We suffer through lots of sports clichés in business articles and motivational speeches. What if the reverse were done to sports teams? I am a big ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-05-05

Building Your Team

The National Football League (NFL) held its annual draft of college players here in Chicago this past week. It is probably the most publicized huma...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-05-01

Surface Roughness Measurements of Cylindrical Gears and Bevel Gears on Gear Inspection Machines

Alongside the macro test parameters on tooth flanks for profile and tooth traces, surface properties (roughness) play a decisive role in ensuring proper toothed gear function. This article addresses roughness measurement systems on tooth flanks. In addition to universal test equipment, modified test equipment based on the profile method for use on gears is addressed in particular. The equipment application here refers to cylindrical gear flanks and bevel gear flanks. The most important roughness parameters, as well as the implementation of the precise measurement procedure will also be described under consideration of the applicable DIN EN ISO standards as well as the current VDI/VDE Directive 2612 Sheet 5.
ADDENDUM | 2015-05-01

Henry Maudslay

Here is some history that bears repeating - or at least re-reading. So take a few minutes to give it up for a long-gone Brit named Henry Maudslay (August 22, 1771 - February 14, 1831) - also known as "A Founding Father of Machine Tool Technology." You might also consider him an early leader in inspection, as he also invented the first bench micrometer capable of measuring to one ten-thousandth of an inch.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-04-14

The Importance of Follow-Up

Job creation has been a popular platform for politicians for as long as I can remember. What seems to be lacking is any sort of “after action repor...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-03-19

Gear Milestones Needed

[starbox]The American Gear Manufacturers Association (www.agma.org) will be celebrating its centennial in 2016. In preparation for the big party, t...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-03-12

Long Lasting Gear Designs

[starbox]It is time to start preparing for the racing season so I have finally been spending some time in the garage. As a follow up to my last blo...
ASK THE EXPERT | 2015-03-01

Measuring Residual Stress in Gears

I have heard that X-ray diffraction does not tell the whole story and that I should really run a fatigue test. I understand this may be the best way, but is there another method that gives a high degree of confidence in the residual stress measurement?
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-02-24

Why is this Stuff Still so Complicated?

[starbox] Much of my engineering practice is working with companies that design machines only once in a while. I enjoy working with the people on ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-01-29

Feedback and Comments

[starbox] We are starting our second year of this blog and are pleased that it was named one of the Top 50 Design and Development Blogs on the Int...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-01-22

Trust, but Verify

[starbox] Lest you come away from my last posting thinking I am completely trapped in the past, I’ve invested a fair amount in new software during ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2015-01-15

Studying the State of the Art

[starbox] A few years ago I presented a paper on reverse engineering at the AGMA Fall Technical Meeting. I heard through the grapevine that some f...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2015-01-01

Getting in Gear with the Chain of Innovations

At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, so-called mechanics were tasked with devising the precise methods that would make mass production possible. The result was the first generation of machine tools, which in turn required improved tooling and production methods.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2015-01-01

On the Correlation of Specific Film Thickness and Gear Pitting Life

The effect of the lubrication regime on gear performance has been recognized, qualitatively, for decades. Often the lubrication regime is characterized by the specific film thickness defined as the ratio of lubricant film thickness to the composite surface roughness. It can be difficult to combine results of studies to create a cohesive and comprehensive data set. In this work gear surface fatigue lives for a wide range of specific film values were studied using tests done with common rigs, speeds, lubricant temperatures, and test procedures.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-12-17

Recreating History

GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-12-09

A Day That Changed the Future

[starbox] I didn’t start working in the gear business until 1971, but the events of 30 years earlier affected me from the moment I walked into t...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-12-04

Overcoming Adversity

[starbox] My last blog concerned project management and the problems of staying on schedule. I thought it only fair to pass on some techniques I...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-12-02

Deadlines

[starbox] I have posted before about how much I enjoyed seeing my projects finally reach the shipping dock after months of sales negotiation, de...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-11-20

One Man’s Treasure

ASK THE EXPERT | 2014-11-01

Small-Module Gear Design

Gears with a diametral pitch 20 and greater, or a module 1.25 millimeters and lower, are called fine-pitch or low-module gears. The design of these gears has its own specifics.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-10-23

Preserving Gear History

One of the initiatives now in progress since the close of the American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) 2014 Fall FTM was building a detailed timeline of the organization’s history since its founding in 1916.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-10-21

Fall Technical Meeting Report

GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-10-16

Publish or Perish

[starbox] My very first posting in this space was a call for papers for the 2013 AGMA Fall Technical Meeting. I had just gotten home from Arlingto...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-09-02

Shared Responsibilities

[starbox] Coming off the Labor Day weekend, I had time to reflect on what the holiday means beyond marking the end of summer, retiring (for the ...
VOICES | 2014-09-01

Leading by Example - Remember When

In January of this year we at Gear Technology got hip to the fact-in un-hip, belated fashion - that we needed a Blog Site and someone to do the blogging. Lucky for us, we already had that someone right here - in plain sight. That someone was Charles D. Schultz, P.E.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2014-09-01

Product News

The complete product news section from the September / October 2014 Issue Gear Technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-09-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the September / October 2014 issue of Gear Technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-08-22

Mitutoyo Introduces QM-Height Digital Gages

Mitutoyo's next generation QM-Height digital height gage line offers a best-in-class accuracy of 4.5 µm and significant improve...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-08-13

IMTS Preview: Zeiss Industrial Metrology

Zeiss Industrial Metrology is introducing at IMTS (Booth #E-5504) the latest generation of the successful Zeiss Contura. This system prov...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2014-08-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the August 2014 issue of Gear Technology.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2014-08-01

IMTS 2014 Product Preview

An in-depth look at the major booths with the latest technology used in gear manufacturing.
ASK THE EXPERT | 2014-08-01

Importance of Contact Pattern in Assembly of Bevel vs Cylindrical Gears

Why is there so much emphasis on the tooth contact pattern for bevel gears in the assembled condition and not so for cylindrical gears, etc?
ASK THE EXPERT | 2014-08-01

Additives: Anti-Wear vs Anti-Scuff

A reader asks: While I have read a reasonable amount of the literature on the pros and cons of anti-wear and anti-scuff additives, I find that the more I read, the more confused I become. I could use some clarity in my life.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2014-08-01

Setting Load Parameters for Viable Fatigue Testing of Gears in Powertrain Axles Part I: Single-Reduction Axles

This presentation introduces a new procedure that - derived from exact calculations - aids in determining the parameters of the validation testing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears in single-reduction axles.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2014-08-01

First International Involute Gear Comparison

Measurement institutions of seven different countries — China, Germany, Japan, Thailand, Ukraine, United Kingdom and the U.S. — participated in the implementation of the first international comparison of involute gear measurement standards. The German metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) was chosen as the pilot laboratory as well as the organizer. Three typical involute gear measurement standards provided by the PTB were deployed for this comparison: a profile, a helix and a pitch measurement standard. In the final analysis, of the results obtained from all participants, the weighted mean was evaluated as reference value for all 28 measured parameters. However, besides the measurement standards, the measured parameters, and, most importantly, some of the comparison results from all participants are anonymously presented. Furthermore, mishandling of the measurement standards as occurred during the comparison will be illustrated.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-07-22

Happiness is a Full Shipping Dock

[starbox] A young engineer I know broke new ground on Face Book today by posting photos of his most recent project on the shipping dock. Anyone wh...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-07-18

IMTS Preview: Hexagon Metrology

Hexagon Metrology recently launched PC-DMIS 2014, a major release of its measurement software used for the collection, evaluation, manage...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-07-15

Our “Common” Language?

[starbox] Watching the World Cup final reminds me of that old adage about Americans and the English being divided by a common language. For exam...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2014-07-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the July 2014 issue of Gear Technology.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2014-07-01

No Compromising on Quality at Allison Transmission

Gleason 350GMS helps put higher quality, more reliable gears into its next-generation TC10 automatic transmission.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2014-07-01

Portable Gear Inspection

Compact, custom and portable solutions are gaining more attention in manufacturing today as companies seek out the tools that offer the greatest productivity gains on the shop floor. Gear inspection seems to be following suit.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2014-07-01

The Influence of Tool Tolerances on the Gear Quality of a Gear Manufactured by an Indexable Insert Hob

Recently, a new type of hob with carbide inserts has been introduced, providing higher cutting speeds, longer tool life and higher feed rates when compared to re-grindable, high-speed steel hobs. But with this kind of hob, new challenges occur due to positional errors of the cutting edges when mounted on the tool. These errors lead to manufacturing errors on the gear teeth which must be controlled. In this paper, the tooth quality of a gear manufactured by hobs with different quality classes is analyzed using a simulation model in combination with Monte Carlo methods.
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-07-01

You Don’t Know What You Don’t Know

[starbox] If ever a situation cried out for a short, texting-friendly acronym it is the unavoidable problem of “You don’t know what you don’t kn...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-06-30

Pentagear Products Acquires PECo ND Gear Metrology Division

Pentagear Products LLC, an Ohio-based company, has acquired Process Equipment Company (PECo) ND Gear Metrology Division effective June 27...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-06-26

The Lure of Nostalgia

[starbox] I love old cars but have no desire to drive one on a daily basis. The appeal of a powerful muscle car or winged 1950s convertible i...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-06-17

R&P Metrology Announces RPC 700

R&P Metrology GmbH has announced the new RPC 700. The RPC 700 is a new, smaller development based on well?proven technologies, extend...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-06-12

The Error of Hiding Failures

[starbox] The General Motors ignition switch fiasco remains in the headlines, having cost many lives, millions of dollars, and a number a career...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-06-10

SMS Siemag Chooses R&P Metrology for Gear Inspection

SMS Siemag AG understands that to be competitive in today’s global business requires state of the art equipment and technology. Tha...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-05-27

The Arsenal of Democracy

[starbox] The Memorial Day holiday means different things to different people. To some it is the official start of summer, although the erratic ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-05-22

Failing Boldly

[starbox] Aside from the pure mechanical beauty of it, my favorite thing about the Indy 500 is the tradition. What’s more, few events can match ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-05-06

The Peer Review Process

[starbox] I began this blog with an appeal for abstracts for the 2014 AGMA Fall Technical Meeting. For those of you who had an abstract accepted...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-05-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the May 2014 issue of Gear Technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-04-28

Jenoptik Introduces Surface Finish Gage

From Jenoptik Industrial Metrology comes a crankshaft journal surface finish gage that greatly reduces the time required to collect and assess measurement data of virtually any crankshaft, any of its journals...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-04-08

Hexagon Metrology Offers Next Generation of Romer Absolute Arm

Hexagon Metrology recently announced the next generation of the Romer Absolute Arm. The enhanced portable measuring arm features optimized ergonomics...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-03-21

Action Items for the Gear Trade

[starbox] Recently I learned that it took over 20 years for the gear industry to agree on its first “standard” tooth form — and that was after s...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-03-07

R&P Metrology Offers Special Measuring System

Responding to specific customer requirements, R&P Metrology GmbH announced a new model in their full line of custom metrology systems...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-03-01

GT Extras

GT Videos featuring R&P Metrology, the latest from our Twitter and LinkedIn feeds and an introduction to gearboxfailure.com
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2014-03-01

Practical Considerations for the Use of Double-Flank Testing for the Manufacturing Control of Gearing - Part II

Part I of this paper, which appeared in the January/February issue of Gear Technology, described the theory behind double-flank composite inspection. It detailed the apparatus used, the various measurements that can be achieved using it, the calculations involved and their interpretation. The concluding Part II presents a discussion of the practical application of double-flank composite inspection -- especially for large-volume operations. It also addresses statistical techniques that can be used in conjunction with double-flank composite inspection, as well as an in-depth analysis of gage R&R for this technique.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2014-03-01

Product News

The complete product news section from the March/April 2014 issue, featuring quick-change spline rolling racks from U.S. Gear Tools.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-02-19

Hexagon Introduces SF Shop Floor CMMs

Hexagon Metrology recently announced the launch of the 7.10.7 SF, a new generation of shop floor coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) spe...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-02-07

R&P Metrology Announces 1600DS Measuring Machine

R&P Metrology GmbH announced a new model in their full line of metrology systems, the RPG 1600DS. This system is designed for gears u...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-02-05

Practical Magic

[starbox] Today I have t
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-01-27

How Did You Become a Gear Expert?

[starbox] Some months ago I got a call from a young engineer asking how he could get into the consulting business. It was a flattering call but a ...
GEAR TALK WITH CHUCK | 2014-01-17

Gear Training Then and Now

[starbox] Blogging about gear training brings to mind the widely attended Illinois Tool Works Gear School that Bob Moderow operated on behalf of h...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2014-01-13

R&P Metrology Announces CMM Capabilities for Portable Gear Inspection

R&P Metrology GmbH announced new measurement capabilities for the RPG PM 750/1250 Portable Gear Metrology machines. When the system i...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2014-01-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the January/February 2014 issue of Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2014-01-01

Practical Considerations for the Use of Double-Flank Testing for the Manufacturing Control of Gearing - Part I

Part I of this paper describes the theory behind double-flank composite inspection, detailing the apparatus used, the various measurements that can be achieved using it, the calculations involved and their interpretation. Part II, which will appear in the next issue, includes a discussion of the practical application of double-flank composite inspection, especially for large-volume operations. Part II covers statistical techniques that can be used in conjunction with double-flank composite inspection, as well as an in-depth analysis of gage R&R for this technique.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2013-10-01

Gear Standards and ISO GPS

In today’s globalized manufacturing, all industrial products having dimensional constraints must undergo conformity specifications assessments on a regular basis. Consequently, (standardization) associated with GD&T (geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing) should be un-ambiguous and based on common, accepted rules. Of course gears - and their mechanical assemblies - are special items, widely present in industrial applications where energy conversion and power transmission are involved.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-09-01

Exhibitors Confidential

Gear Expo 2013 product preview features a look at many of the key booths you won't want to miss.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2013-09-01

New-Formula Acetylene Cool for Heat Treatment

Acetylene with DMF solvent enables benefits of low-pressure vacuum carburizing.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-08-01

Gear Expo 2013 - An Oscar-Worthy Indy Production

We are well into an odd-number year, so it must be just about time for another Gear Expo. Indeed, the big show -- Gear Expo 2013 -- kicks off in Indianapolis at 9:00 a.m. Tuesday, September 17, wrapping up Thursday the 19th at 4:00 p.m. And whether you are exhibiting or attending, the bottom line is you are going -- a good thing for you, your company and the tightly knit U.S. gear industry.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-08-01

Engineering Questions - SME has the Answers with Knowledge Edge

The Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) has been gathering, validating and sharing manufacturing knowledge for more than 80 years. Traditionally, SME resources were purchased by individuals for their own personal use or by colleges and universities as textbooks. Recently, these same colleges and universities were looking for digital resources to provide to their instructors and students. Companies were requesting SME content digitally for their employees as well.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-08-01

Mark Releases Book on Gear Metrology

Performance-Based Gear Metrology: Kinematic-Transmission-Error Computation and Diagnosis, written by William Mark, Ph.D., is a mathematic...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-08-01

Leading the Way in Lead Crown Correction and Inspection

Forest City Gear applies advanced gear shaping and inspection technologies to help solve difficult lead crown correction challenges half a world away. But these solutions can also benefit customers much closer to home, the company says. Here's how…
PRODUCT NEWS | 2013-08-01

Product News

The complete Product News Section from the August 2013 issue of Gear Technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-06-01

GT Extras

Video from Hexagon Metrology, Back-to-Basics archive, e-mail newsletter updates and what's happening on LinkedIn
PRODUCT NEWS | 2013-06-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the June/July 2013 issue of Gear Technology.
ASK THE EXPERT | 2013-06-01

Worn Gear Contact Analysis

How does one perform a contact analysis for worn gears? Our expert responds.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-05-14

Mahr Federal to Display Portable Air Gages

Mahr Federal will be featuring the new Micro-Dimensionair II, the next generation of its well-established Micro-Dimensionair line of port...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-05-10

Gleason Demonstrates Gear Measurement Technology at Control 2013

Gleason Metrology Systems will demonstrate their latest advances in gear measurement technology at Control 2013, May 14-17 in Stuttgart, ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-05-01

Hardness Testing

This back-to-basics article describes the main methods used for hardness testing of gears: Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers and Knoop.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-04-04

Mahr Federal Promotes Air Gages at Eastec

Mahr Federal will be featuring the new Micro-Dimensionair II, the next generation of its Micro-Dimensionair line of portable air gages, a...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-03-20

Tool Grind Workholding System Limits Runout

MicroPlus, ANCA's new high accuracy workholding and tool support system, significantly reduces tool runout during grinding, enabling ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-03-15

Kapp Named North American Distributor for R&P Metrology

Kapp Technologies has announced it will be the distributor of Rauth-Pumm Metrology Equipment (R&P) for North America. Rauth-Pumm Metr...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-02-26

Hexagon Metrology Releases PC-DMIS Gear

Hexagon Metrology announces the release of PC-DMIS Gear 2.5, a sophisticated software module, designed for basic and advanced gear meas...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2013-01-10

Carl Zeiss Appoints Kirchner President of Industrial Metrology Group

Carl Zeiss announces the appointment of Michael Kirchner as the new president for the Industrial Metrology group in North America effecti...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2013-01-01

CMM Gear Inspection

Mitutoyo offers capable, affordable and flexible gear inspection option via coordinate measuring machines and gear inspection software.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2013-01-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the January/February 2013 issue of Gear Technology.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-01-01

The Gear Gods Help Those That Help Themselves

"Gear Train" is a new Gear Technology section focusing on training and education in the gear industry. For the first installment, we've focused on AGMA's online and video training programs.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2013-01-01

Do No Destructive Testing

An overview of nondestructive testing and its importance in the manufacture of big gears.
ASK THE EXPERT | 2013-01-01

Measurement of Involute Master

Our experts tackle the topic of measuring involute masters, including both master gears and gear inspection artifacts.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2013-01-01

Large Pinions for Open Gears - The Increase of Single Mesh Load

This paper introduces mandatory improvements in design, manufacturing and inspection - from material elaboration to final machining - with special focus on today's large and powerful gearing.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2012-11-29

Sunnen Bore Gages Offer Precise Hole Measurement

Sunnen's PG Bore Gages take an intuitive approach to hole gaging with a mechanical design and speedometer-type scale for quick visual...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2012-10-26

Klingelnberg Awarded Documentation Prize

The Klingelnberg Group has received awards for the second year in succession for the quality of its operating instr...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2012-10-18

Dayton Progress Celebrates National Manufacturing Day

Dayton Progress Corporation participated in National Manufacturing Day on October 5th by opening its doors and hosting educational open h...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2012-10-17

Cimcool Offers Hybrid Fluid Technology for Automotive Industry

Cimcool Fluid Technology has announced the release of a new lubricant technology for machining and grinding of hard metals. These new Cim...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2012-10-16

Nexen Releases Compact Harmonic Gearhead

Nexen Group, Inc. has announced what it believes to be the industry’s shortest and most compact automation gearhead. The new Nexen ...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2012-10-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the October 2012 issue of Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-10-01

Differential Gears

What are the manufacturing methods used to make bevel gears used in automotive differentials?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-10-01

Repair of High-Value, High-Demand Spiral Bevel Gears by Superfinishing

Following is a report on the R&D findings regarding remediation of high-value, high-demand spiral bevel gears for the UH–60 helicopter tail rotor drivetrain. As spiral bevel gears for the UH–60 helicopter are in generally High-Demand due to the needs of new aircraft production and the overhaul and repair of aircraft returning from service, acquisition of new spiral bevel gears in support of R&D activities is very challenging. To compensate, an assessment was done of a then-emerging superfinishing method—i.e., the micromachining process (MPP)—as a potential repair technique for spiral bevel gears, as well as a way to enhance their performance and durability. The results are described in this paper.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2012-10-01

Industry News

The complete Industry News section from the October 2012 issue of Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-09-01

Refurbishing a Ball Mill ; Bevel Gear Backlash

Our experts comment on reverse engineering herringbone gears and contact pattern optimization.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-08-01

Case Study Involving Surface Durability and Improved Surface Finish

Gear tooth wear and micropitting are very difficult phenomena to predict analytically. The failure mode of micropitting is closely correlated to the lambda ratio. Micropitting can be the limiting design parameter for long-term durability. Also, the failure mode of micropitting can progress to wear or macropitting, and then go on to manifest more severe failure modes, such as bending. The results of a gearbox test and manufacturing process development program will be presented to evaluate super-finishing and its impact on micropitting.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2012-06-01

Tomorrow's Gear Inspection Systems: Arriving Just in Time

Gleason's GMS analytical gear inspection systems provide all the right features at Eaton Corp.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2012-06-01

Gear Quality Inspection: How Good is Yours

How well you conduct your inspections can be the difference-maker for securing high-value contracts from your customers. And as with most other segments of the gear industry, inspection continues striving to attain “exact science” status. With that thought in mind, following is a look at the state of gear inspection and what rigorous inspection practices deliver—quality.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2012-06-01

Growing Pains - Renewables Hang on in Turbulent Energy Market

The turbines are still spinning. They’re spinning on large wind farms in the Great Plains, offshore in the Atlantic and even underwater where strong tidal currents offer new energy solutions. These turbines spin regularly while politicians and policy makers— tied up in discussions on tax incentives, economic recovery and a lot of finger pointing—sit idle. Much like the auto and aerospace industries of years past, renewable energy is coping with its own set of growing pains. Analysts still feel confident that clean energy will play a significant role in the future of manufacturing—it’s just not going to play the role envisioned four to five years ago.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-06-01

Runout, Helix Accuracy and Shaper Cutters

Our experts discuss runout and helix accuracy, as well as the maximum number of teeth in a shaper cutter.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-06-01

Towards an Improved AGMA Accuracy Classification System on Double-Flank Composite Measurements

AGMA introduced ANSI/AGMA 2015–2–A06— Accuracy Classification System: Radial System for Cylindrical Gears, in 2006 as the first major rewrite of the double-flank accuracy standard in over 18 years. This document explains concerns related to the use of ANSI/AGMA 2015–2–A06 as an accuracy classification system and recommends a revised system that can be of more service to the gearing industry.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-01-01

Accelerating Validation Testing

Bringing new or improved products to market sooner has long been proven profitable for companies. One way to help shorten the time-to-market is to accelerate validation testing. That is, shorten the test time required to validate a new or improved product.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2012-01-01

Evaluation of Methods for Calculating Effects of Tip Relief on Transmission Error, Noise and Stress in Loaded Spur Gears

The connection between transmission error, noise and vibration during operation has long been established. Calculation methods have been developed to describe the influence so that it is possible to evaluate the relative effect of applying a specific modification at the design stage. These calculations enable the designer to minimize the excitation from the gear pair engagement at a specific load. This paper explains the theory behind transmission error and the reasoning behind the method of applying the modifications through mapping surface profiles and determining load sharing.
VOICES | 2011-11-01

Vacuum Oil Quenching

The October 2011 issue of Gear Technology featured the article “Low-Distortion Heat Treatment of Transmission Components,” which covered the combination of low-pressure carburizing and high pressure gas quenching in an automotive environment. Here, heat treating expert Dan Herring explains why oil quenching is an appropriate choice for many applications.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-11-01

Flank Breakage on Gears for Energy Systems

Gear flank breakage can be observed on edge zone-hardened gears. It occurs, for example, on bevel gears for water turbines, on spur gears for wind energy converters and on single- and double-helical gears for other industrial applications.
EVENTS | 2011-11-01

IPTEX 2012 Preview

India is rapidly turning into a global manufacturing hub, thanks to the country’s manufacturing and engineering capabilities, vast pool of skilled expertise and its size. These qualities offer it a strategic advantage for the manufacturing segment. A large number of international companies in varied segments have already set up a manufacturing base in India and others are following suit. It only makes sense to bring this industry segment together under one roof to discuss the current trends and technology prevalent to the marketplace. IPTEX 2012 is scheduled from February 9–11, 2012 at the Bombay Exhibition Center in Mumbai, India.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-10-01

Comparison of Test Rig and Field Measurement Results on Gearboxes for Wind Turbines

This article describes some of the most important tests for prototypes conducted at Winergy AG during the product development process. It will demonstrate that the measurement results on the test rig for load distribution are in accordance with the turbine measurements.
VOICES | 2011-09-01

Not All Good Ideas Are Brand New

A reader clarifies technology presented in the March/April 2011 issue.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-09-01

Size and Material Influence on the Tooth Root, Pitting, Scuffing and Wear Load-Carrying Capacity of Fine-Module Gears

In this study, limiting values for the load-carrying-capacity of fine-module gears within the module range 0.3–1.0 mm were determined and evaluated by comprehensive, experimental investigations that employed technical, manufacturing and material influence parameters.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2011-09-01

Next Stop Cincinnati

What's not to like about a more focused, user-friendly Gear Expo? Booth Previews.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2011-06-01

An Emphasis on Accuracy

Meeting the many challenges of large gear inspection.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2011-05-01

Dearborn Precision Puts Dual Purpose Zeiss CMM to the Task

When parts you manufacture pass through numerous processes such as deep hole drilling, machining, hobbing and grinding, a CMM is essential when your customers require 100 percent in-process and final inspection.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-05-01

Micropitting of Big Gearboxes: Influence of Flank Modification and Surface Roughness

Most research on micropitting is done on small-sized gears. This article examines whether those results are also applicable to larger gears.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2011-03-01

Carl Zeiss CMM Guides Andrew Tool with Complex Mars Rover Project

At Andrew Tool, CMMs have been an integral part of their manufacturing processes for years, but they had never faced a project with such intricate measurements, tight tolerances, heat treatments and a very short time frame requirement.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2011-03-01

Zoller and Ingersoll Partner for Measuring Hob Cutters

With growing markets in aerospace and energy technologies, measuring hob cutters used in gear cutting is becoming an essential requirement for workpieces and machine tools. Zoller, a provider of solutions for tool pre-setters, measuring and inspection machines and tool management software, has developed a new partnership with Ingersoll/Germany for shop floor checking of hob cutters by a combined hardware and software approach.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-03-01

Gear Measuring Machine by NDG Method for Gears Ranging from Miniature to Super-Large

A new inspection method has several advantages over traditional methods, especially for very large or very small gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-01-01

Point-Surface-Origin Macropitting Caused by Geometric Stress Concentration

Point-surface-origin (PSO) macropitting occurs at sites of geometric stress concentration (GSC) such as discontinuities in the gear tooth profile caused by micropitting, cusps at the intersection of the involute profile and the trochoidal root fillet, and at edges of prior tooth damage, such as tip-to-root interference. When the profile modifications in the form of tip relief, root relief, or both, are inadequate to compensate for deflection of the gear mesh, tip-to-root interference occurs. The interference can occur at either end of the path of contact, but the damage is usually more severe near the start-of-active-profile (SAP) of the driving gear.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2011-01-01

Measurement of Directly Designed Gears with Symmetric and Asymmetric Teeth

In comparison with the traditional gear design approach based on preselected, typically standard generating rack parameters, the Direct Gear Design method provides certain advantages for custom high-performance gear drives that include: increased load capacity, efficiency and lifetime; reduced size, weight, noise, vibrations, cost, etc. However, manufacturing such directly designed gears requires not only custom tooling, but also customization of the gear measurement methodology. This paper presents definitions of main inspection dimensions and parameters for directly designed spur and helical, external and internal gears with symmetric and asymmetric teeth.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-11-01

Gear Fault Detection Effectiveness as Applied to Tooth Surface Pitting Fatigue Damage

A study was performed to evaluate fault detection effectiveness as applied to gear-tooth pitting-fatigue damage. Vibration and oil-debris monitoring (ODM) data were gathered from 24 sets of spur pinion and face gears run during a previous endurance evaluation study.
EVENTS | 2010-11-01

Technically Speaking, a Huge Success

A recap of the AGMA 2010 Fall Technical Meeting.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2010-09-01

What's the Big Attraction - IMTS 2010

The great thing about a trade show the size of IMTS is the amount of options available to attendees. If you’re into cars, fighter jets, machine tools, fighting robots, manufacturing relics or simply the latest technology advancements in a particular industry, you’ll find it at IMTS 2010.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-08-01

Optimizing Gear Geometry for Minimum Transmission Error, Mesh Friction Losses and Scuffing Risk Through Computer- Aided Engineering

Minimizing gear losses caused by churning, windage and mesh friction is important if plant operating costs and environmental impact are to be minimized. This paper concentrates on mesh friction losses and associated scuffing risk. It describes the preliminary results from using a validated, 3-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) program to optimize cylindrical gears for low friction losses without compromising transmission error (TE), noise and power density. Some case studies and generic procedures for minimizing losses are presented. Future development and further validation work is discussed.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2010-07-01

Improved Inspection Software Helps Provide Optimum Cutting Results

Klingelnberg measuring centers eliminate trial-and-error with modern analysis tools.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2010-07-01

Large Gears, Better Inspection

Investment in Gleason GMM Series inspection equipment helps drive Milwaukee Gear's expansion into profitable new markets around the world—all hungry for high-precision custom gears and gear drives.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2010-07-01

User-Friendly Gear Measurement

Good timing leads to partnership between Process Equipment and Schafer Gear.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-07-01

Effects of Profile Corrections on Peak-to-Peak Transmission Error

Profile corrections on gears are a commonly used method to reduce transmission error, contact shock, and scoring risk. There are different types of profile corrections. It is a known fact that the type of profile correction used will have a strong influence on the resulting transmission error. The degree of this influence may be determined by calculating tooth loading during mesh. The current method for this calculation is very complicated and time consuming; however, a new approach has been developed that could reduce the calculation time.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2010-07-01

Cotta Transmission Installs CMM with Gear Checking Module

Xspect Solutions Provides Wenzel Bridge-Type CMM Equipped with OpenDMIS Software for Basic Gear Measuring Capability with CMM Flexibility.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-05-01

Implementing ISO 18653-Gears: Evaluation of Instruments for Measurement of Individual Gears

A trial test of the calibration procedures outlined in ISO 18653—Gears: Evaluation of Instruments for the Measurement of Individual Gears, shows that the results are reasonable, but a minor change to the uncertainty formula is recommended. Gear measuring machine calibration methods are reviewed. The benefits of using workpiece-like artifacts are discussed, and a procedure for implementing the standard in the workplace is presented. Problems with applying the standard to large gear measuring machines are considered and some recommendations offered.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-05-01

Software-Based Process Design in Gear Finish Hobbing

In this paper, the potential for geometrical cutting simulations - via penetration calculation to analyze and predict tool wear as well as to prolong tool life - is shown by means of gear finish hobbing. Typical profile angle deviations that occur with increasing tool wear are discussed. Finally, an approach is presented here to attain improved profile accuracy over the whole tool life of the finishing hob.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2010-03-01

High-Temperature Testing of Stanyl Plastic Gears: A Comparison with Tensile Fatigue Data

This paper shows an experimental study on the fatigue lifetime of high-heat polyamide (Stanyl) gears running in oil at 140°C. Based on previous works (Refs. 1–2), an analysis is made correcting for tooth bending and calculating actual root stresses. A comparison with tensile bar fatigue data for the same materials at 140°C shows that a good correlation exists between gear fatigue data and tensile bar fatigue data. This insight provides a solid basis for gear designers to design plastic gears using actual material data.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-11-01

Bending Fatigue Tests of Helicopter Case Carburized Gears: Influence on Material, Design and Manufacturing Parameters

A single tooth bending (STB) test procedure has been developed to optimally map gear design parameters. Also, a test program on case-carburized, aerospace standard gears has been conceived and performed in order to appreciate the influence of various technological parameters on fatigue resistance and to draw the curve shape up to the gigacycle region.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-07-01

Extending the Benefits of Elemental Gear Inspection

It may not be widely recognized that most of the inspection data supplied by inspection equipment, following the practices of AGMA Standard 2015 and similar standards, are not of elemental accuracy deviations but of some form of composite deviations. This paper demonstrates the validity of this “composite” label by first defining the nature of a true elemental deviation and then, by referring to earlier literature, demonstrating how the common inspection practices for involute, lead (on helical gears), pitch, and, in some cases, total accumulated pitch, constitute composite measurements.
VOICES | 2009-07-01

Optimization through Customization

Many engineers and purchasing agents think it is more expensive to custom design a component or assembly these days when often customization can save on total costs.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2009-07-01

Practical Magic - Metrology Products Keep Pace with Machine Technology

Gear metrology is a revolving door of software packages and system upgrades. It has to be in order to keep up with the productivity and development processes of the machines on the manufacturing floor. Temperature compensation, faster inspection times and improved software packages are just a few of the advancements currently in play as companies prepare for new opportunities in areas like alternative energy, automotive and aerospace/defense.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-06-01

The Effect of Start-Up Load Conditions on Gearbox Performance and Life Failure Analysis, With Supporting Case Study

If a gear system is run continuously for long periods of time—or if the starting loads are very low and within the normal operating spectrum—the effect of the start-up conditions may often be insignificant in the determination of the life of the gear system. Conversely, if the starting load is significantly higher than any of the normal operating conditions, and the gear system is started and stopped frequently, the start-up load may, depending on its magnitude and frequency, actually be the overriding, limiting design condition.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-05-01

In-Situ Measurement of Stresses in Carburized Gears via Neutron Diffraction

This paper presents the results of research directed at measuring the total stress in a pair of statically loaded and carburized spur gears. Measurements were made to examine the change in total stress as a function of externally applied load and depth below the surface.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2009-03-01

Got Lean, Six Sigma - Here's Another Theory

Most readers are at least familiar with continuous improvement programs such as lean and six sigma. Perhaps your shop or company is well along in the implementation of one or the other—if not both. But what about theory of constraints (TOC), introduced in Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt’s 1984 book, The Goal? Despite its rather negative-sounding name, this continuous improvement process has much to offer manufacturers of all stripes. And when combined with lean and six sigma, the results can be dramatic. Dr. Lisa Lang, a TOC consultant and speaker, explains why and how in the following Q&A session with Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-03-01

The Effect of Superfinishing on Gear Micropitting

Results from the Technical University of Munich were presented in a previous technical article (see Ref. 4). This paper presents the results of Ruhr University Bochum. Both research groups concluded that superfinishing is one of the most powerful technologies for significantly increasing the load-carrying capacity of gear flanks.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-03-01

Grinding Induced Changes in Residual Stresses of Carburized Gears

This paper presents the results of a study performed to measure the change in residual stress that results from the finish grinding of carburized gears. Residual stresses were measured in five gears using the x-ray diffraction equipment in the Large Specimen Residual Stress Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2009-01-01

Big Gears - High Standards, High Profits

Natural resources—minerals, coal, oil, agricultural products, etc.—are the blessings that Mother Earth confers upon the nations of the world. But it takes unnaturally large gears to extract them.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-01-01

Gear Failure Analysis Involving Grinding Burn

When gears are case-hardened, it is known that some growth and redistribution of stresses that result in geometric distortion will occur. Aerospace gears require post case-hardening grinding of the gear teeth to achieve necessary accuracy. Tempering of the case-hardened surface, commonly known as grinding burn, occurs in the manufacturing process when control of the heat generation at the surface is lost.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2009-01-01

Effects of Gear Surface Parameters on Flank Wear

Non-uniform gear wear changes gear topology and affects the noise performance of a hypoid gear set. The aggregate results under certain vehicle driving conditions could potentially result in unacceptable vehicle noise performance in a short period of time. This paper presents the effects of gear surface parameters on gear wear and the measurement/testing methods used to quantify the flank wear in laboratory tests.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2008-11-01

A Further Study on High-Contact-Ratio Spur Gears in Mesh with Double-Scope Tooth Profile Modification

This paper will demonstrate that, unlike commonly used low-contact-ratio spur gears, high-contact-ratio spur gears can provide higher power-to-weight ratio, and can also achieve smoother running with lower transmission error (TE) variations.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2008-09-03

Alpha Gear's Newest Software Simplifies Selecting Gear Reducers

The Cymex calculation software from alpha gear drives Inc. uses a database of company products and 6,000 motors from various manufacturer...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2008-08-01

Influence of Grinding Burn on Pitting Capacity

This paper intends to determine the load-carrying capacity of thermally damaged parts under rolling stress. Since inspection using real gears is problematic, rollers are chosen as an acceptable substitute. The examined scope of thermal damage from hard finishing extends from undamaged, best-case parts to a rehardening zone as the worst case. Also, two degrees of a tempered zone have been examined.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2008-05-01

Update on the National Center for Gear Metrology

The status on traceability of gear artifacts in the United States.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2008-05-01

Calibration of Two-Flank Roll Testers

The presence of significant errors in the two-flank roll test (a work gear rolled in tight mesh against a master gear) is well-known, but generally overlooked.
VOICES | 2007-09-01

Uncovering Core Competencies

How can a company grow its business or plan for growth when its niche area only accesses the smaller part of the pie?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-09-01

Tooth-Bending Effects in Plastic Spur Gears

This paper describes the investigation of a steel-and-plastic gear transmission and presents a new hypothesis on the governing mechanism in the wear of plastic gears.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2007-07-01

How's Your Lead Time

The gear companies enjoying the most success in today’s global market are those that firmly believe quality is much more than expert craftsmanship and foolproof inspection methodologies.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2007-07-01

Better Gears & Splines With Metrology

What does it mean to make "better" gears? Better gears more closely resemble the intended design parameters.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-07-01

Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Cutting Technology Update

Spiral bevel and hypoid gear cutting has changed significantly over the years. The machines, tools, processes and coatings have steadily advanced.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2007-06-01

The Skinny on Lean Manufacturing

While universally known as a Japanese “invention” that was popularized by Toyota, lean in fact traces its roots to the work of post-World War II American occupation forces in Japan.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-05-01

NASA's Return to Flight

Gear specialists at the NASA Glenn Research facility helped determine it was safe for the space shuttle to fly again.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2007-03-01

Plastic Gears--A Growing Industry Still Seeking Respect

Forty years ago, the plastics industry was practically in its embryonic phase...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2007-03-01

Transmission Error and Noise Emission of Spur Gears

Transmission error (TE) is recognized as one of the most important causes of gear acoustic emissions...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2007-02-14

Newage Testing’s Microhardness System Contains Multi-Specimen Fixture and Positioning Tables

Newage Testing Instruments' introduced the new model CAMS-MSO multi-specimen microhardness testing system. The system can handle...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2006-11-01

Characteristics of Master Gears

The two-flank roll test measures kickout (tooth-to-tooth composite error) and tooth thickness. In this article, it will be shown that measured values vary with the number of teeth on the master gear.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2006-11-01

Optimization of the Gear Profile Grinding Process Utilizing an Analogy Process

In order to grind gears burn-free and as productively as possible, a better understanding of the process is required.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2006-09-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from September/October 2006.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2006-05-01

Influence of Surface Roughness on Gear Pitting Behavior

In earlier studies, surface roughness has been shown to have a significant influence on gear pitting life. This paper discusses how high surface roughness introduces a wear mechanism that delays the formation of pits. Accompanied by a full-page technical review.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-04-18

Paulo Products Upgrades to ISO TS 16949: 2002

The St Louis, MO facility of Paulo Products Company has successfully passed the upgrade audit and has been awarded accreditation to ISO/T...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-04-12

Samputensili Master Gears Personalized to Customer or DIN Specifications

Samputensili has introduced a range of master gears to determine work gear accuracy and setting masters to adjust checking equipment. ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-04-11

Bourn & Koch Expands

Bourn & Koch completed the addition of a new 20,000 square foot warehouse and a new 20,000 square foot two story engineering office build...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-04-08

Gleason Genesis S130SV Gear Shaving Machine

The 130SV shaving machine from Gleason is the newest of the company’s Genesis family of gear production equipment. Introduced to...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-04-02

Torque Transmission Introduces New Line of Right Angle Drives

Torque Transmission introduced a line of right angle gear drives designed for various motion control applications where right angle motio...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-03-10

Sterling Instrument’s Anti-Backlash Gears Eliminate Marred Shafts

A new series of 1158 anti-backlash gears manufactured by Sterling Instruments feature the Fairloc integral hub fastening system, which el...
PRODUCT NEWS | 2006-03-01

Shorter Cycle Times for Carburizing

Dana Corp. is developing a process that carburizes a straight bevel gear to a carbon content of 0.8% in 60 fewer minutes than atmosphere carburizing did with an identical straight bevel.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-01-18

GKS Inspection Systems Expands In-House Measurement Capabilities

GKS Inspection Services, Inc., a division of Laser Design, Inc., has expanded its Detroit-area dimensional inspec...

INDUSTRY NEWS | 2006-01-10

Mitsubishi Gear Technology Adds Holroyd Machine

Mitsubishi Gear Technology Center has added the Holroyd GTG2 precision helical grinding machine to its portfolio. Ian Shearing, vice p...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2006-01-01

Investigation of the Noise and Vibration of Planetary Gear Drives

With the aim of reducing the operating noise and vibration of planetary gear sets used in automatic transmissions, a meshing phase difference was applied to the planet gears that mesh with the sun and ring gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2005-09-01

Measuring Pitch Diameter

Wait a minute, we don't measure pitch diameter. We're sometimes asked to measure it by customers, though, especially ones with older drawings.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2005-07-01

Product News

The complete Product News from July/August 2005.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2005-07-01

Opportunities for Gear Grinders - Insights from the Machinery Front

Tom Lang of Kapp Technologies shares his views on the trends affecting ground gears.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2005-07-01

Superfinishing Gears - The State of the Art, Part II

In a previous article, the authors identified two misconceptions surrounding gear superfinishing. Here, they tackle three more.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2005-05-01

A Novel Concept for High Accuracy Gear Calibration

The German National Metrology Institute has developed a novel calibration concept that allows for highly accurate calibration of product-like artifacts.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2005-05-01

New Approaches in Roll Testing Technology of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Sets

This paper presents a new approach in roll testing technology of spiral bevel and hypoid gear sets on a CNC roll tester applying analytical tools, such as vibration noise and single-flank testing technology.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-04-19

Joint Venture for AFC Holcroft and ALD Vacuum

AlD Holcroft of Wixom, MI, and ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH of Hanau, Germany, have formed a joint venture called Joint Venture ALD Vacuu...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-04-03

Inductoheat Expands After-Market Service

Inductoheat has expanded its aftermarket service department. According to the company’s press release, service is provided for ...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2005-03-01

Gear Data Exchange Format

VDI has created a data exchange format that allows for the electronic exchange of all geometric parameters for cylindrical gears.
ADDENDUM | 2005-03-01

Gear Tattoos

Imagine a shop supervisor with a three-gear drivetrain tattooed on his bicep or a saleswoman with a tiny spur gear silhouetted just above her ankle.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-02-18

Hansen Transmission Opens Chinese facility

Hansen Transmissions has opened a facility in Shanghai, China, for the representation of its line of gear units, turbines and industrial ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-02-17

Ipsen Ships Furnace Line to Taiwan

The IpsenI/O 3000 internal quench batch furnace line has been sold and shipped to the Shenli heat treating facility in Taiwan to heat tre...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-02-06

Rush Gear Announces Reverse Engineering Capability

Rush Gears Inc., of Fort Washington, PA, announced their capability to reverse engineer both drawings and sample parts. According to ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-02-03

Brown Named Division President at Inductoheat

Douglas R. Brown was promoted to president of the forging division at Inductoheat of Madison Heights, MI. According to the company'...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-01-19

Hexagon Metrology Debuts CNC Measuring Arm at Fabtech

Hexagon Metrology introduced a new CNC articulated measuring arm at Fabtech that president and CEO William Gruber calls ?our version of a...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2005-01-06

New Series of Bevel Gear Operators from Flowserve

The Limitorque Actuation System MT Series of bevel gear opeators from Flowserve are optimized to perform in power industry valve applicat...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2005-01-01

Tooth Flank Corrections of Wide Face Width Helical Gears that Account for Shaft Deflections

This paper discusses the influence of tip relief, root relief, load modification, end relief and their combinations on gear stresses and transmission errors due to shaft deflections.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2004-09-01

Surface Damage Caused by Gear Profile Grinding and its Effects on Flank Load Carrying Capacity

Instances of damage to discontinuous form ground and surface-hardened gears, especially of large scale, have recently increased. This may be attributed partly to a faulty grinding process with negative effects on the surface zones and the surface properties.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2004-07-01

Product News

The complete Product News section from the July/August 2004 issue of Gear Technology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2004-07-01

Influence of Coatings and Surface Improvements on the Lifetime of Gears

Surface coatings or finishing processes are the future technologies for improving the load carrying capacity of case hardened gears. With the help of basic tests, the influence of different coatings and finishing processes on efficiency and resistance to wear, scuffing, micropitting, and macropitting is examined.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2004-04-02

Philadelphia Gear Hires Canadian Rep

Gaetan Perron was hired as the sales representative for established Philadelphia Gear customers in Canada and for prospects in eastern On...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2004-03-01

New ANSI-AGMA Accuracy Standards for Gears

AGMA has started to replace its 2000-A88 standard for gear accuracy with a new series of documents based largely on ISO standards. The first of the replacement AGMA standards have been published with the remainder coming in about a year. After serving as a default accuracy specification for U.S. commerce in gear products for several decades, the material in AGMA 2000-A88 is now considered outdated and in need of comprehensive revision.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2004-01-29

ZF Gearheads Used to Detect Galaxy Clusters

Precision planetary gearheads from ZF Great Britain provide high levels of torque for Cambridge University’s new radio telescope ins...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2004-01-28

New Gear Measurement Software from Wilcox

The PC-DMIS gear measuring software from Wilcox is designed for any CMM. The software is an alternative to dedicated gear measurement...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2004-01-19

New Advancement in Inertia Friciton Welding

The inertia friction welding cycle from Manufacturing Technology can now orient parts using inertia or direct drive friction welding. ...
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2003-12-01

Xtek and Metlab Form Alliance

Xtek Inc. and Metlab formed a strategic partnership that leverages Metlab’s carburizing furnaces to expand the capabilities of both ...
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2003-11-01

Superfinishing Gears -- The State of the Art

Superfinishing the working surfaces of gears and their root fillet regions results in performance benefits.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2003-07-01

Product News

Complete Product News for July/August 2003.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2003-05-01

Characterizaton of Retained Austenite in Case Carburized Gears and Its Influence on Fatigue Performance

Carburized helical gears with high retained austenite were tested for surface contact fatigue. The retained austenite before test was 60% and was associated with low hardness near the case's surface. However, the tested gears showed good pitting resistance, with fatigue strength greater than 1,380 MPa.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2003-01-01

Gear Damage Detection Using Oil Debris Analysis

The purpose of this paper was to verify, when using an oil debris sensor, that accumulated mass predicts gear pitting damage and to identify a method to set threshold limits for damaged gears.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2002-11-01

Product News

Complete Product News for November/December 2002.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2002-09-01

Direct Gear Design for Spur and Helical Involute Gears

Modern gear design is generally based on standard tools. This makes gear design quite simple (almost like selecting fasteners), economical, and available for everyone, reducing tooling expenses and inventory. At the same time, it is well known that universal standard tools provide gears with less than optimum performance and - in some cases - do not allow for finding acceptable gear solutions. Application specifies, including low noise and vibration, high density of power transmission (lighter weight, smaller size) and others, require gears with nonstandard parameters. That's why, for example, aviation gear transmissions use tool profiles with custom proportions, such as pressure angle, addendum, and whole depth. The following considerations make application of nonstandard gears suitable and cost-efficient:
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2002-09-01

Measuring Profile and Base Pitch Error with a Micrometer

In this article, equations for finding profile and base pitch errors with a micrometer are derived. Limitations of micrometers with disc anvils are described. The design of a micrometer with suitable anvils is outlined.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2002-07-01

Gear Surface Durability Development to Enhance Transmission Power Density

Gear pitting is one of the primary failure modes of automotive transmission gear sets. Over the past years, many alternatives have been intended to improve their gear surface durability. However, due to the nature of new process development, it takes a length of time and joint efforts between the development team and suppliers to investigate and verify each new approach.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2002-05-01

Carbide Hobbing Case Study

Bodine Electric Co. of Chicago, IL., has a 97-year history of fine-and medium-pitch gear manufacturing. Like anywhere else, traditions, old systems, and structures can be beneficial, but they can also become paradigms and obstacles to further improvements. We were producing a high quality product, but our goal was to become more cost effective. Carbide hobbing is seen as a technological innovation capable of enabling a dramatic, rather than an incremental, enhancement to productivity and cost savings.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 2002-05-01

Industry News

Complete Industry News for May/June 2002.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 2002-03-01

Gear Industry Barometers

A good sailor can predict when the weather is about to change. He uses simple tools to measure variables like air pressure, temperature and wind speed. Although those indicators can't perfectly forecast the weather, the sailor can get a good idea of what's going to happen by applying his experience, judgment and even his gut feelings.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2001-07-01

Measuring Base Helix Error on a Sine Bar

Base helix error - the resultant of lead and profile errors is the measured deviation from the theoretical line of contact (Fig. 1). It can be measured in the same way that lead error on a spur gear is measured, namely, by setting a height gage to height H based on the radial distance r to a specified line of contact (Fig. 2), rotating the gear so as to bring a tooth into contact with the indicator on the height gage, and then moving the height gage along two or more normals to the plane of action. The theoretical line of contact on helical gear must be parallel to the surface plate, which is attained by mounting the gear on a sine bar (Fig. 3).
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2001-03-01

Austempered Gears and Shafts: Tough Solutions

Austempered irons and steels offer the design engineer alternatives to conventional material/process combinations. Depending on the material and the application, austempering may provide the producers of gear and shafts with the following benefits: ease of manufacturing, increased bending and/or contact fatigue strength, better wear resistance or enhanced dampening characteristics resulting in lower noise. Austempered materials have been used to improve the performance of gears and shafts in many applications in a wide range of industries.
ADDENDUM | 2001-03-01

Gears With Ears

When you're manufacturing fun, very often you need gears. The Addendum team recently went on a behind-the-scenes gear-finding mission with Jerold S. Kaplan, Principal Engineer, Show/Ride Mechanical Engineering at Walt Disney Imagineering in Lake Buena Vista, FL. We found that at least part of Disney's magic comes from good, old-fashioned mechanical engineering.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2000-09-01

Gear Oil Micropitting Evaluation

During the last decade, industrial gear manufacturers, particularly in Europe, began to require documentation of micropitting performance before approving a gear oil for use in their equipment. The development of micropitting resistant lubricants has been limited both by a lack of understanding of the mechanism by which certain lubricant chemistry promotes micropitting and by a lack of readily available testing for evaluation of the micropitting resistance of lubricants. This paper reports results of two types of testing: (1) the use of a roller disk machine to conduct small scale laboratory studies of the effects of individual additives and combinations of additives on micropitting and (2) a helical gear test used to study micropitting performance of formulated gear oils.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2000-09-01

Gear Up for Performance: An Introduction to Synthetic Lubricants for Fractional Horespower Applications

Editor's Note: The following article details the advantages of synthetic lubricants in certain applications. However, the user should be aware of certain design issues arising from the extract chemistry of the synthetic. For example, some synthetics may have low solvency for additives. Others may not be compatible with mineral oils or nonmetallic components such as seals and paints. Some synthetics may absorb water and may not have the same corrosion resistance as mineral oils. Finally, the user should consider biodegradability or toxicity before switching to any new lubricant. Many of these concerns are present in petroleum-based lubricants as well, so consult a lubrication specialist before specifying a lubricant.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2000-07-01

Ferrography: A Noninvasive Method to Inspect Your Gears

Would you like to be able to see the condition of the gears in your transmissions without having to open the box and physically examine them? There is a way, and not too many people know about it. It's called Wear Particle Analysis, or ferrography, and it is just starting to get noticed.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2000-07-01

Inspection Focus News & Technology

This section is dedicated to what's new and what's happening in the world of gear inspection and metrology. Here you will find news about products, companies and organizations, services and events affecting the gear inspection and metrology industry.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2000-03-01

The Effect of Material Defects on Gear Perfomance - A Case Study

The quality of the material used for highly loaded critical gears is of primary importance in the achievement of their full potential. Unfortunately, the role which material defects play is not clearly understood by many gear designers. The mechanism by which failures occur due to material defects is often circuitous and not readily apparent. In general, however, failures associated with material defects show characteristics that point to the source of the underlying problem, the mechanism by which the failure initiated, and the manner in which it progressed to failure of the component.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 2000-01-01

Gear Manufacturing Past, Present & Future

Roughly 100 years ago, Cornelius J. Brosnan of Springfield, Massachusetts, invented and received the first U.S. patent for a paper clip. At about the same time, his fellow inventors were coming up with such marvels as the zipper, the safety razor and the typewriter.
PRODUCT NEWS | 2000-01-01

Software Bits Our New Products Special Edition

Software Bits for January/February 2000.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 2000-01-01

Low Vibration Design on A Helical Gear Pair

Helical gear pairs with narrow face width can be theoretically classified into three categories over the contact ration domain whose abscissa is the transverse contact ration and whose ordinate is the overlap contact ratio. There is a direct relation between vibration magnitude and shaft parallelism deviation. To clarify the effect of the tooth deviation types on the vibration behavior of helical gear pairs, performance diagrams on vibration are introduced. the acceleration levels of gear pairs are shown by contour lines on the contact ratio domain. Finally, the performance of gears with bias-in and bias-out modifications is discussed considering the effect of the shaft parallelism deviation with use of the developed simulator on a helical gear unit. It becomes clear that there is an asymmetrical feature on the relation between the vibration magnitude of a gear pair and the direction of each deviation.
REVOLUTIONS | 1999-07-01

Revolutions

Welcome to Revolutions, the column that brings you the latest, most up-to-date and easy-to-read information about the people and technology of the gear industry.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1999-07-01

Bigger and Better Than Ever

Gear Expo 99, AGMA's biennial showcase for the gear industry, has left the Rust Belt this year and landed in Music City U.S.A., Nashville, Tennessee. The event, with exhibitors from around the globe showing off the latest in gear manufacturing as well as metal working processes, will be held at the Nashville Convention Center, October 24-27, 1999. According to Kurt Medert, AGMA vice president and Gear Expo show manager, "In choosing Nashville, AGMA;s Trade Show Advisory Council found a city that is an excellent trade show site. It has the right mix of convention center, nearby hotels, and a clean downtown area with entertainment readily available for the exhibitors and visitors alike. Nashville is in the heart of southern industry, which we see as a focus of growth for the gear industry and its customers."
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1999-03-01

Metallurgical Aspects to be Considered in Gear and Shaft Design

In his Handbook of Gear Design (Ref.1), Dudley states (or understates): "The best gear people around the world are now coming to realize that metallurgical quality is just as important as geometric quality." Geometric accuracy without metallurgical integrity in any highly stressed gear or shaft would only result in wasted effort for all concerned - the gear designer, the manufacturer, and the customer - as the component's life cycle would be prematurely cut short. A carburized automotive gear or shaft with the wrong surface hardness, case depth or core hardness may not even complete its basic warranty period before failing totally at considerable expense and loss of prestige for the producer and the customer. The unexpected early failure of a large industrial gear or shaft in a coal mine or mill could result in lost production and income while the machine is down since replacement components may not be readily available. Fortunately, this scenario is not common. Most reputable gear and shaft manufacturers around the world would never neglect the metallurgical quality of their products.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1999-03-01

Fatigue Aspects of Case Hardened Gears

The efficient and reliable transmission of mechanical power continues, as always, to be a central area of concern and study in mechanical engineering. The transmission of power involves the interaction of forces which are transmitted by specially developed components. These components must, in turn, withstand the complex and powerful stresses developed by the forces involved. Gear teeth transmit loads through a complex process of positive sliding, rolling and negative sliding of the contacting surfaces. This contact is responsible for both the development of bending stresses at the root of the gear teeth and the contact stresses a the contacting flanks.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-11-01

The Basics of Gear Metrology and Terminology Part II

In the last section, we discussed gear inspection; the types of errors found by single and double flank composite and analytical tests; involute geometry; the involute cam and the causes and symptoms of profile errors. In this section, we go into tooth alignment and line of contact issues including lead, helix angles, pitch, pitchline runout, testing and errors in pitch and alignment.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-09-01

The Basics of Gear Metrology and Terminology Part I

It is very common for those working in the gear manufacturing industry to have only a limited understanding of the fundamental principals of involute helicoid gear metrology, the tendency being to leave the topic to specialists in the gear lab. It is well known that quiet, reliable gears can only be made using the information gleaned from proper gear metrology.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-09-01

Comparing Standards

One of the best ways to learn the ISO 6336 gear rating system is to recalculate the capacity of a few existing designs and to compare the ISO 6336 calculated capacity to your experience with those designs and to other rating methods. For these articles, I'll assume that you have a copy of ISO 6336, you have chosen a design for which you have manufacturing drawings and an existing gear capacity calculation according to AGMA 2001 or another method. I'll also assume that you have converted dimensions, loads, etc. into the SI system of measurement.
ADDENDUM | 1998-07-01

The Music of the Gears

It should be obvious by now that gears are more than just mechanical components. We have brought you movies with gears and Shakespeare with gears, jewelry made out of gears and so on. Now we, the humble staff at Addendum, are proud to present gears in the world of music.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-05-01

Hobs & Form Relived Cutters: Common Sharpening Problems

Fig. 1 shows the effects of positive and negative rake on finished gear teeth. Incorrect positive rake (A) increase the depth and decreases the pressure angle on the hob tooth. The resulting gear tooth is thick at the top and thin at the bottom. Incorrect negative rake (B) decreases the depth and increases the pressure angle. This results in a cutting drag and makes the gear tooth thin at the top and thick at the bottom.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-05-01

Relationship Between Wear and Pitting Phenomena in Worm Gears

Worm gears display unique behavior of surfaces because of the presence of wear phenomena in addition to contact pressure phenomena.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-03-01

Programmable Separation of Runout From Profile and Lead Inspection Data for Gear Teeth With Arbitrary Modifications

A programmable algorithm is developed to separate out the effect of eccentricity (radial runout) from elemental gear inspection date, namely, profile and lead data. This algorithm can be coded in gear inspection software to detect the existence, the magnitude and the orientation of the eccentricity without making a separate runout check. A real example shows this algorithm produces good results.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-01-01

Influence of Gear Design on Gearbox Radiated Noise

A major source of helicopter cabin noise (which has been measured at over 100 decibels sound pressure level) is the gearbox. Reduction of this noise is a NASA and U.S. Army goal. A requirement for the Army/NASA Advanced Rotorcraft Transmission project was a 10 dB noise reduction compared to current designs.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1998-01-01

Automated Inspection Systems: The Whole Picture

No one (not even you and I) consistently makes parts with perfect form and dimensions, so we must be able to efficiently check size and shape at many stages in the manufacturing and assembly process to eliminate scrap and rework and improve processes and profits. Automated inspection systems, which are widely used in all kinds of manufacturing operations, provide great efficiencies in checking individual features, but may not be as effective when asked to evaluate an entire part. You need to know why this is true and what you can do to improve your part yields.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1997-09-01

Who's Who and What's What At Gear Expo '97

Below are listed the Gear Technology advertisers exhibiting at Gear Expo 97.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1997-09-01

Worm Gear Measurement

Several articles have appeared in this publication in recent years dealing with the principles and ways in which the inspection of gears can be carried out, but these have dealt chiefly with spur, helical and bevel gearing, whereas worm gearing, while sharing certain common features, also requires an emphasis in certain areas that cause it to stand apart. For example, while worm gears transmit motion between nonparallel shafts, as do bevel and hypoid gears, they usually incorporate much higher ratios and are used in applications for which bevel would not be considered, including drives for rotary and indexing tables in machine tools, where close tolerance of positioning and backlash elimination are critical, and in situations where accuracy of pitch and profile are necessary for uniform transmission at speed, such as elevators, turbine governor drives and speed increasers, where worm gears can operate at up to 24,000 rpm.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1997-09-01

Thermal Effects on CMMs

The trend toward moving coordinate measuring machines to the shop floor to become an integral part of the manufacturing operations brings real time process control within the reach of many companies. Putting measuring machines on the shop floor, however, subjects them to harsh environmental conditions. Like any measuring system, CMMs are sensitive to any ambient condition that deviates from the "perfect" conditions of the metrology lab.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 1997-09-01

Looking to The Future

Economic times are good right now in America and in the gear industry. We're in the seventh year of an up cycle. The tough shake-outs of the 1980s and early 90s are over. Orders are up. Backlogs are at comfortable levels. We're looking at what promises to be the biggest, most successful trade show in the industry's history coming up in Detroit in October. The most pressing question on the immediate horizon seems to be "How long can the good times go on?"
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1997-07-01

M & M Precision, Penn State & NIST Team Up For Gear Metrology Research

In 1993, M & M Precision Systems was awarded a three-year, partial grant from the Advanced Technology Program of the Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Working with Pennsylvania State University, M&M embarked on a technology development project to advance gear measurement capabilities to levels of accuracy never before achieved.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1997-07-01

Basic Honing & Advanced Free-Form Honing

Rotary gear honing is a crossed-axis, fine, hard finishing process that uses pressure and abrasive honing tools to remove material along the tooth flanks in order to improve the surface finish (.1-.3 um or 4-12u"Ra), to remove nicks and burrs and to change or correct the tooth geometry. Ultimately, the end results are quieter, stronger and longer lasting gears.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1997-07-01

Structural Analysis of Teeth With Asymmetrical Profiles

This article illustrates a structural analysis of asymmetrical teeth. This study was carried out because of the impossibility of applying traditional calculations to procedures involved in the specific case. In particular, software for the automatic generation of meshes was devised because existing software does not produce results suitable for the new geometrical model required. Having carried out the structural calculations, a comparative study of the stress fields of symmetrical and asymmetrical teeth was carried out. The structural advantages of the latter type of teeth emerged.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1997-07-01

Obtaining Meaningful Surface Roughness Measurements on Gear Teeth

Surface roughness measuring of gear teeth can be a very frustrating experience. Measuring results often do not correlate with any functional characteristic, and many users think that they need not bother measuring surface roughness, since the teeth are burnished in operation. They mistakenly believe that the roughness disappears in a short amount of time. This is a myth! The surface indeed is shiny, but it still has considerable roughness. In fact, tests indicate that burnishing only reduces the initial roughness by approximately 25%.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1997-05-01

Eddy Current Examination of Gear Systems

Nondestructive examination (NDE) of ferrous and nonferrous materials has long proved an effective maintenance and anomaly characterization tool for many industries. Recent research has expanded its applicability to include the inspection of large, open gear drives. Difficulties inherent in other NDE methods make them time-consuming and labor-intensive. They also present the user with the environmental problem of the disposal of used oil. The eddy current method addresses these problems.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1997-05-01

Profile Grinding Gears From The Solid - Is It Practical

It isn't for everyone, but... Within the installed base of modern CNC gear profile grinding machines (approximately 542 machines worldwide), grinding from the solid isn't frequent, but a growing number of gear profile grinder users are applying it successfully using CBN-plated wheels.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1996-11-01

The Advantages of Ion Nitriding Gears

When it comes to setting the standard for gear making, the auto industry often sets the pace. Thus when automakers went to grinding after hardening to assure precision, so did the machine shops that specialize in gearing. But in custom manufacturing of gears in small piece counts, post-heat treat grinding can grind away profits too.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1996-09-01

Gear Wear Caused By Contaminated Oils

The diagnosis and prevention of gear tooth and bearing wear requires the discovery and understanding of the particular mechanism of wear, which in turn indicates the best method of prevention. Because a gearbox is a tribologically dependent mechanism, some understanding of gear and bearing tribology is essential for this process. Tribology is the general term for the study and practice of lubrication, friction and wear. If tribology is neglected or considered insignificant, poor reliability and short life will result.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1996-09-01

Tooth Modification and Spur Gear Tooth Strain

A major source of helicopter cabin noise (which has been measured at over 100 decibels sound pressure level) is the gear box. Reduction of this noise is a NASA and U.S. Army goal.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1996-07-01

Noise Reduction in Plastic & Powder Metal Gear Sets

The data discussed in this article was taken from an upright vacuum cleaner. This was a prototype cleaner that was self-propelled by a geared transmission. It was the first time that the manufacturer had used a geared transmission in this application.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 1996-07-01

geartechnology.com And Other Adventures

You've been reading about it, talking about it, maybe even trying it. Gear Technology has jumped aboard it feet first and begun a voyage on the World Wide Web. Beginning with this issue, an electronic version of the magazine will be online. For those of us who still find the fax machine amazing technology, this is a great leap.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1996-05-01

Cutting Tools Now

The cutting tool is basic to gear manufacturing. Whether it's a hob, broach, shaper cutter or EDM wire, not much gets done without it. And the mission of the tool remains the same as always; removing material as quickly, accurately and cost-effectively as possible. Progress in the field tends to be evolutionary, coming gradually over time, but recently, a confluence of emerging technologies and new customer demands has caused significant changes in the machines, the materials and the coatings that make cutting tools.
ADDENDUM | 1996-03-01

The Gears of Avon & Other Tragedies

As part of the Addendum Team's never-ending quest to improve the overall cultural tone of the gear industry, we bring you the following: April 23 is the 432nd birthday of William Shakespeare.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1996-01-01

Measurement Error Induced by Measuring over Pins Instead of Balls

The purpose of this article is to clarify some terms and methods used in measuring the size of gears. There is also an explanation given of the error induced and how to correct for it in certain cases when the measurement is made using pins instead of balls.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1996-01-01

The Next Step in Bevel Gear Metrology

In recent years, gear inspection requirements have changed considerably, but inspection methods have barely kept pace. The gap is especially noticeable in bevel gears, whose geometry has always made testing them a complicated, expensive and time-consuming process. Present roll test methods for determining flank form and quality of gear sets are hardly applicable to bevel gears at all, and the time, expense and sophistication required for coordinate measurement has limited its use to gear development, with only sampling occurring during production.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1996-01-01

Rebuilding a Metrology Infrastructure

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) announced at Gear Expo '95 that a national service for the calibration of involute artifacts is now available at the Department of Energy's Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, TN.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1995-09-01

Gear Inspection For The Long Haul

Question: We just received permission to purchase our first CNC gear inspection system. With capital approvals so hard to come by, especially for inspection equipment, I want to be sure to purchase a system I can count of for years to come. My past experience with purchasing CNC equipment has shown me that serviceability of the computer and the CNC controller portion of the system can be a problem in just a few years because of the obsolescence factor. What information do I need to look for when selecting a supplier to reduce the risk of obsolescence, as well as to reduce the long-term servicing costs in the computer and controls portion of the system?
PRODUCT NEWS | 1995-09-01

Product News

Welcome to our Product News page. Here we feature new products of interest to the gear and gear products markets.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1995-07-01

How to Avoid Errors When Measuring Step Gears

There are problems in dimensional measurement that should be simple to solve with standard measuring procedures, but aren't. In such cases, using accepted practices may result in errors of hundreds of microns without any warning that something is wrong.
VOICES | 1995-07-01

Drivetrain Research An Idea Whose Time is Overdue

The popular perception today is that technological advancement is an engine running almost out of control. New products and processes are developing faster than we can keep up with them, as anyone who has had a new computer system crash into obsolescence practically before it's out of the box can tell you. But that's not the case everywhere. Transmission technology, for example.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1995-03-01

Gear Heat Treating in the 90s: Beyond Black Magic

Heat Treating - The evil twin of the gear processing family. Heat treating and post-heat treating corrective processes can run up to 50% or more of the total gear manufacturing cost, so it's easy to see why, in these days when "lean and mean" production is the rage, and every part of the manufacturing process is under intense scrutiny, some of the harshest light falls on heat treating.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1994-11-01

Quality Gear Inspection - Part II

This section will deal with the use of gear inspection for diagnostic purposes rather than quality determination. The proper evaluation of various characteristics in the data can be useful for the solution of quality problems. It is important to sort out whether the problem is coming from the machine, tooling and/or cutters, blanks, etc. An article by Robert Moderow in the May/June 1985 issue of Gear Technology is very useful for this purpose.
VOICES | 1994-09-01

Viewpoint - Our Readers Respond

I support Clem Miller (Viewpoint May/June) in his skepticism of ISO 9000. The metrology of gears is important, but in the present state of the art, manufacture is more accurate than design.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1994-09-01

A Comparison of ISO 4156-ANSI B92.2M - 1980 With Older Imperial Standards

The purpose of this article is to discuss ISO 4156/ANSI B92.2M-1980 and to compare it with other, older standards still in use. In our experience designing and manufacturing spline gauges and other spline measuring or holding devices for splined component manufacturers throughout the world, we are constantly surprised that so many standards have been produced covering what is quite a small subject. Many of the standards are international standards; others are company standards, which are usually based on international standards. Almost all have similarities; that is, they all deal with splines that have involute flanks of 30 degrees, 37.5 degrees or 45 degrees pressure angle and are for the most part flank-fitting or occasionally major-diameter-fitting.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1994-09-01

Quality Gear Inspection - Part I

Quality gear inspection means doing the "right" inspections "right." A lot of time and money can be spent doing the wrong types of inspections related to function and doing them incorrectly. As we will discover later, such things as runout can creep into the manufacturing and inspection process and completely ruin any piece of data that is taken. this is one of the most important problems to control for quality inspection.
MANAGEMENT MATTERS | 1994-07-01

The Frugal Certification Process

Much about ISO 9000 is the subject of noisy debate. But on one thing almost everyone, true believers and critics alike, agrees: Getting ISO 9000 certification can be expensive. Companies can expect to spend at least $35,000 for basic certification and six-month checkup fees over a three-year period. These figures do not include hidden costs like time and money spent on internal improvements required to meet ISO 9000 certification. But the really big-ticket items in the process are employee time and the cost of bringing in outside consultants. Many ISO 9000 consultants charge upwards of $1,800 a day.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1994-07-01

Effect of Extended Tooth Contact on the Modeling of Spur Gear Transmissions

In some gear dynamic models, the effect of tooth flexibility is ignored when the model determines which pairs of teeth are in contact. Deflection of loaded teeth is not introduced until the equations of motion are solved. This means the zone of tooth contact and average tooth meshing stiffness are underestimated, and the individual tooth load is overstated, especially for heavily loaded gears. This article compares the static transmission error and dynamic load of heavily loaded, low-contact-ratio spur gears when the effect of tooth flexibility has been considered and when it has been ignored. Neglecting the effect yields an underestimate of resonance speeds and an overestimate of the dynamic load.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1994-05-01

Designing Hardened & Ground Spur Gears to Operate With Minimum Noise

When designing hardened and ground spur gears to operate with minimum noise, what are the parameters to be considered? should tip and/or root relief be applied to both wheel and pinion or only to one member? When pinions are enlarged and he wheel reduced, should tip relief be applied? What are the effects on strength, wear and noise? For given ratios with enlarged pinions and reduced wheels, how can the gear set sized be checked or adjusted to ensure that the best combination has been achieved?
VOICES | 1994-05-01

Gear Metrology Standards and ISO 9000

I noted with interest the beginning of Gear Technology's three-part series on ISO 9000 certification. I also recently attended Brown & Sharpe's/Leitz gear metrology seminar. Both events caused me to smile and reflect.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1994-05-01

Minimizing Backlash in Spur Gears

simplified equations for backlash and roll test center distance are derived. Unknown errors in measured tooth thickness are investigate. Master gear design is outlined, and an alternative to the master gear method is described. Defects in the test radius method are enumerated. Procedures for calculating backlash and for preventing significant errors in measurement are presented.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1994-05-01

Choosing An ISO 9000 Consultant: Why, When & How

On of the key questions confronting any company considering ISO 9000 certification is, how much is this going to cost? The up-front fees are only the beginning. Dissect the ISO 9000 certification procedure with an eye for hidden costs, and two segments of the process will leap out - the cost of consultants and the cost of making in-house improvements for the sake of passing certification. Most of these costs can be controlled by careful selection f the right consultant in the first place.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 1994-03-01

ISO 9000: Global Market Salvation Or A Pig In A Poke

ISO 9000 is the latest hot topic in marketing and manufacturing circles. Everyone seems to be talking about it, but few seem to understand it completely. depending on whom one talks to, it's either the greatest thing to hit industry since the assembly line, another cash cow for slick consultants, a conspiracy on the part of Europeans to dominate global markets, or the next necessary step to compete in the global economy of the twenty-first century. It may be all of the above.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1994-03-01

What is ISO 9000 and Why Should I Care

What follows is the first of three articles we will be running on ISO 9000 and what it means for the gear industry. This first article will cover what ISO 9000 is, what some of its benefits - and problems - are, and whether your company should be a candidate for this certification process. In our next issue, we will consider the important question of how, when, and if to hire an ISO 9000 consultant. The final article in this series will discuss ways to save money while streamlining the certification process in your company.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1994-03-01

Photography of Gear Failures

Photography is an essential part of gear failure analysis. It not only provides a fast, convenient way to accurately document the appearance of gear failure, but also is an effective diagnostic tool because the magnification obtained through photographic enlargement and slide projection often discloses evidence that may have been missed if the gears were not photographed.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1994-01-01

The Gear Hobbing Process

Gear hobbing is a generating process. The term generating refers to the fact that the gear tooth form cut is not the conjugate form of the cutting tool, the hob. During hobbing both the hob and the workpiece rotate in a continuous rotational relationship. During this rotation, the hob is typically fed axially with all the teeth being gradually formed as the tool traverses the work face (see Fig. 1a).
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1993-07-01

Gear Tip Chamfer and Gear Noise; Surface Measurement of Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth

Could the tip chamfer that manufacturing people usually use on the tips of gear teeth be the cause of vibration in the gear set? The set in question is spur, of 2.25 DP, with 20 degrees pressure angle. The pinion has 14 teeth and the mating gear, 63 teeth. The pinion turns at 535 rpm maximum. Could a chamfer a little over 1/64" cause a vibration problem?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1993-03-01

Improving Gear Manufacturing Quality With Surface Texture Measurement

The working surfaces of gear teeth are often the result of several machining operations. The surface texture imparted by the manufacturing process affects many of the gear's functional characteristics. To ensure proper operation of the final assembly, a gear's surface texture characteristics, such as waviness and roughness, can be evaluated with modern metrology instruments.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1993-01-01

Classification of Types of Gear Tooth Wear - Part II

The first part of this article included abrasive wear with two bodies, streaks and scoring, polishing, and hot and cold scuffing. This part will deal with three-body wear, scratches or grooves, and interference wear. Normal, moderate, and excessive wear will be defined, and a descriptive chart will be presented.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1993-01-01

High Technology Hobs

Today's high technology hobs are visible different from their predecessors. Gear hobs have taken on a different appearance and function with present day technology and tool and material development. This article shows the newer products being offered today and the reasons for investigating their potential for use in today's modern gear hobbers, where cost reduction and higher productivity are wanted.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-11-01

Classification of Types of Gear Tooth Wear - Part I

The phenomena of deterioration of surfaces are generally very complex and depend on numerous conditions which include the operating conditions, the type of load applied, the relative speeds of surfaces in contact, the temperature, lubrication, surfaces hardness and roughness, and the compatibility and nature of materials.
MANAGEMENT MATTERS | 1992-09-01

The Bottom Line on Trade Shows

The whole point of a trade show is to get leads that will turn into sales. No matter how attractive your booth was, no matter how smoothly the setup and the show ran, no matter how many visitors you had at your booth, if your presence at a show didn't net you any sales, then your considerable investment of time, money, and effort has been wasted.
VOICES | 1992-09-01

Reader Dialogue: Functional Measurement of Gears; More Good Gear Books

From time to time, the editors of "Shop Floor" receive correspondence from readers relating to particular articles they have written for past issues. As one of the purposes of this column is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas, we reproduce here two of these letters and their replies. The subject of the first is the functional measurement of gears. (See Gear Technology, Sept/Oct, 1991, p. 17) Robert E. Smith writes the reply.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-07-01

Gear Inspection and Measurement

The purpose of gear inspection is to: Assure required accuracy and quality, Lower overall cost of manufacture by controlling rejects and scrap, Control machines and machining practices and maintain produced accuracy as machines and tools wear, Determine hear treat distortions to make necessary corrections.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-07-01

Comparing Surface Failure Modes in Bearings and Gears: Appearances vs. Mechanisms

In the 1960's and early 1970's, considerable work was done to identify the various modes of damage that ended the lives of rolling element bearings. A simple summary of all the damage modes that could lead to failure is given in Table 1. In bearing applications that have insufficient or improper lubricant, or have contaminants (water, solid particles) or poor sealing, failure, such as excessive wear or vibration or corrosion, may occur, rather than contact fatigue. Usually other components in the overall system besides bearings also suffer. Over the years, builders of transmissions, axles, and gear boxes that comprise such systems have understood the need to improve the operating environment within such units, so that some system life improvements have taken place.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-05-01

Effects of Temperature on Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility

Temperature Induced Dimensional Changes Temperature causes various materials to change size at different rate, known as their Coefficients of Expansion (COE). The effects of this phenomenon on precision dimensional measurements are continuous and costly to industry. Precautions can be taken to allow parts and gages to temperature stabilize before conducting gage R & R studies, but the fact remains that on the shop floor temperatures vary all the time. The slow pace at which industry has accepted this reality probably has to do with the subtlety of these tiny size variations and our inability to sense gradual, but significant temperature changes.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1992-01-01

Design Guidelines for High-Capacity Bevel Gear Systems

The design of any gearing system is a difficult, multifaceted process. When the system includes bevel gearing, the process is further complicated by the complex nature of the bevel gears themselves. In most cases, the design is based on an evaluation of the ratio required for the gear set, the overall envelope geometry, and the calculation of bending and contact stresses for the gear set to determine its load capacity. There are, however, a great many other parameters which must be addressed if the resultant gear system is to be truly optimum. A considerable body of data related to the optimal design of bevel gears has been developed by the aerospace gear design community in general and by the helicopter community in particular. This article provides a summary of just a few design guidelines based on these data in an effort to provide some guidance in the design of bevel gearing so that maximum capacity may be obtained. The following factors, which may not normally be considered in the usual design practice, are presented and discussed in outline form: Integrated gear/shaft/bearing systems Effects of rim thickness on gear tooth stresses Resonant response
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-11-01

Recent Developments in Gear Metrology

Metrology is a vital component of gear manufacturing. Recent changes in this area, due in large part to the advent of computers, are highlighted in this article by comparison with more traditional methods.
VOICES | 1991-11-01

Viewpoint

Dear Editor: In Mr. Yefim Kotlyar's article "Reverse Engineering" in the July/August issue, I found an error in the formula used to calculate the ACL = Actual lead from the ASL = Assumed lead.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-11-01

A Rational Procedure for Designing Minimum-Weight Gears

A simple, closed-form procedure is presented for designing minimum-weight spur and helical gearsets. The procedure includes methods for optimizing addendum modification for maximum pitting and wear resistance, bending strength, or scuffing resistance.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-09-01

Full-Load Testing of Large Gearboxes Using Closed-Loop Power Circulation

This method of testing large gearboxes or, indeed, any power transmission element, had numerous advantages and offers the possibility of large savings in time, energy, and plant, if the overall situation is conducive to its use. This usually requires that several such units need to be tested, and that they can be conveniently connected to each to each other in such a way as to form a closed-loop drive train. No power sink is required, and the drive input system has only to make up power losses. The level of circulating power is controlled by the torque, which is applied statically during rotation, and the drive speed. Principles, advantage, and limitations are described, together with recent experiences in the only known large-scale usage of this technique in Australia.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-09-01

SPC Acceptance of Hobbing & Shaping Machines

Today, as part of filling a typical gear hobbing or shaping machine order, engineers are required to perform an SPC acceptance test. This SPC test, while it is contractually necessary for machine acceptance, is not a machine acceptance test. It is a process capability test. It is an acceptance of the machine, cutting tool, workholding fixture, and workpiece as integrated on the cutting machine, using a gear measuring machine, with its work arbor and evaluation software, to measure the acceptance elements of the workpiece.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1991-09-01

Single Flank Measuring; Estimating Horsepower Capacity

Question: What is functional measurement and what is the best method for getting truthful answers?
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-07-01

Gear Fundamentals Reverse Engineering

Whether gear engineers have to replace an old gear which is worn out, find out what a gear's geometry is after heat treatment distortion, or just find out parameters of gears made by a competitor, sometimes they are challenged with a need to determine the geometry of unknown gears. Depending on the degree of accuracy required, a variety of techniques are available for determining the accuracy of an unknown gear. If a high degree of precision is important, a gear inspection device has to be used to verify the results. Frequently, several trial-and-error attempts are made before the results reach the degree of precision required.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-05-01

The Lubrication of Gears - Part II

What follows is Part 2 of a three-part article covering the principles of gear lubrication. Part 2 gives an equation for calculating the lubricant film thickness, which determines whether the gears operate in the boundary, elastohydrodynamic, or full-film lubrication regime. An equation for Blok's flash temperature, which is used for predicting the risk of scuffing, is also given.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1991-03-01

The Lubrication of Gears - Part 1

This is a three-part article explaining the principles of gear lubrication. It reviews current knowledge of the field of gear tribology and is intended for both gear designers and gear operators. Part 1 classifies gear tooth failures into five modes and explains the factors that a gear designer and operator must consider to avoid gear failures. It defines the nomenclature and gives a list of references for those interested in further research. It also contains an in-depth discussion of the gear tooth failure modes that are influenced by lubrication and gives methods for preventing gear tooth failures.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1991-03-01

Our Experts Discuss...

Question: I have just become involved with the inspection of gears in a production operation and wonder why the procedure specifies that four involute checks must be made on each side of the tooth of the gear being produced, where one tooth is checked and charted in each quadrant of the gear. Why is this done? These particular gears are checked in the pre-shaved, finish-shaved, and the after-heat-treat condition, so a lot of profile checking must be done.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1991-01-01

What Is Runout, And Why Should I Worry About It

Runout is a troublemaker! Good shop practice for the manufacture or inspection of gears requires the control of runout. Runout is a characteristic of gear quality that results in an effective center distance variation. As long as the runout doesn't cause loss of backlash, it won't hurt the function of the gear, which is to transmit smooth motion under load from one shaft to another. However, runout does result in accumulated pitch variation, and this causes non-uniform motion, which does affect the function of the gears. Runout is a radial phenomenon, while accumulated pitch variation is a tangential characteristic that causes transmission error. Gears function tangentially. It is also possible to have a gear with accumulated pitch variation, but little or no runout.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1990-07-01

Efficient Methods for the Synthesis of Compound Planetary Differential Gear Trains for Multiple Speed Ratio Generation

This article presents an efficient and direct method for the synthesis of compound planetary differential gear trains for the generation of specified multiple speed ratios. It is a train-value method that utilizes the train values of the integrated train components of the systems to form design equations which are solved for the tooth numbers of the gears, the number of mating gear sets and the number of external contacts in the system. Application examples, including vehicle differential transmission units, rear-end differentials with unit and fractional speed ratios, multi-input functions generators and robot wrist joints are given.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1990-07-01

Transmission Errors and Bearing Contact of Spur, Helical, and Spiral Bevel Gears

An investigation of transmission errors and bearing contact of spur, helical, and spiral bevel gears was performed. Modified tooth surfaces for these gears have been proposed in order to absorb linear transmission errors caused by gear misalignment and to localize the bearing contact. Numerical examples for spur, helical, and spiral bevel gears are presented to illustrate the behavior of the modified gear surfaces with respect to misalignment and errors of assembly. The numerical results indicate that the modified surfaces will perform with a low level of transmission error in non-ideal operating environments.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1990-03-01

Gear Noise and the Making of Silent Gears

Our research group has been engaged in the study of gear noise for some nine years and has succeeded in cutting the noise from an average level to some 81-83 dB to 76-78 dB by both experimental and theoretical research. Experimental research centered on the investigation into the relation between the gear error and noise. Theoretical research centered on the geometry and kinematics of the meshing process of gears with geometric error. A phenomenon called "out-of-bound meshing of gears" was discovered and mathematically proven, and an in-depth analysis of the change-over process from the meshing of one pair of teeth to the next is followed, which leads to the conclusion we are using to solve the gear noise problem. The authors also suggest some optimized profiles to ensure silent transmission, and a new definition of profile error is suggested.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1989-07-01

Into-Mesh Lubrication of Spur Gears - Part 2

In the lubrication and cooling of gear teeth a variety of oil jet lubrication schemes is sometimes used. A method commonly used is a low pressure, low velocity oil jet directed at the ingoing mesh of the gears, as was analyzed in Reference 1. Sometimes an oil jet is directed at the outgoing mesh at low pressures. It was shown in Reference 2 that the out-of-mesh lubrication method provides a minimal impingement depth and low cooling of the gears because of the short fling-off time and fling-off angle.(3) In References 4 and 5 it was shown that a radially directed oil jet near the out-of-mesh position with the right oil pressure was the method that provided the best impingement depth.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1989-07-01

Estimating Hobbing Times

Hobbing is a continuous gear generation process widely used in the industry for high or low volume production of external cylindrical gears. Depending on the tooth size, gears and splines are hobbed in a single pass or in a two-pass cycle consisting of a roughing cut followed by a finishing cut. State-of-the-art hobbing machines have the capability to vary cutting parameters between first and second cut so that a different formula is used to calculate cycle times for single-cut and double-cut hobbing.
EVENTS | 1989-05-01

Technical Calendar

May 18-21. AGMA Annual Meeting, "The Changing World of Gears." Loews Ventana Canyon Resort, Tucson, AZ. July 12-14, 1989. ASM international Conference on Carburizing. Sheraton Hotel & Conference Center, Lakewood, CO. September 12-20, 1989. European Machine Tool Show, Hannover, West Germany.
EVENTS | 1989-03-01

Technical Calendar

March 19-22, 1989. first International Applied Mechanical Systems Design Conference. Convention Center, Nashville, TN. March 28-30, 1989. Gear Design Seminar, University of Northern Iowa
EVENTS | 1988-11-01

Technical Calendar

November 1-3. SME Gear Processing and Manufacturing Clinic, Sheraton Meridian, Indianapolis, IN. November 5-10. international Conference on Gearing, Zhengzhou, China
VOICES | 1988-11-01

Viewpoint

Eliot K. Buckingham explains the procedure for proper measurement over wires for worm gears, in response to last issue's article.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1988-07-01

The Uses and Limitations of Transmission Error

The concept of "transmission error" is relatively new and stems from research work in the late 1950s by Gregory, Harris and Munro,(1) together with the need to check the accuracy of gear cutting machines. The corresponding commercial "single flank" testing equipment became available in the 1960s, but it was not until about ten years ago that it became generally used, and only recently has it been possible to test reliably at full load and full speed.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1988-01-01

The Relationship of Measured Gear Noise to Measured Gear Transmission Errors

Vehicle gear noise testing is a complex and often misunderstood subject. Gear noise is really a system problem.(1) most gearing used for power transmission is enclosed in a housing and, therefore, little or no audible sound is actually heard from the gear pair.(2) The vibrations created by the gears are amplified by resonances of structural elements. This amplification occurs when the speed of the gear set is such that the meshing frequency or a multiply of it is equal to a natural frequency of the system in which the gears are mounted.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-11-01

Selection of Hobbing Data

The art of gear hobbing has advanced dramatically since the development and introduction of unique machine and tool features such as no backlash, super rigidity, automatic loading of cutting tools, CNC controls, additional machine power and improved cutter materials and coatings. It is essential to utilize all these features to run the machine economically.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-11-01

Computer Aided Design for Gear Shaper Cutters

Computer programs have been developed to completely design spur and helical gear shaper cutters starting from the specifications of the gear to be cut and the type of gear shaper to be used. The programs generate the working drawing of the cutter and, through the use of a precision plotter, generate enlarge scaled layouts of the gear as produced by the cutter and any other layouts needed for its manufacture.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-09-01

Effects of Hob Quality and Resharpening Errors on Generating Accuracy

The modern day requirement for precision finished hobbed gears, coupled with the high accuracy characteristics of modern CNC hobbing machines, demands high tool accuracy.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-09-01

The Interrelationship of Tooth Thickness Measurements as Evaluated by Various Measuring Techniques

The first commandment for gears reads "Gears must have backlash!" When gear teeth are operated without adequate backlash, any of several problems may occur, some of which may lead to disaster. As the teeth try to force their way through mesh, excessive separating forces are created which may cause bearing failures. These same forces also produce a wedging action between the teeth with resulting high loads on the teeth. Such loads often lead to pitting and to other failures related to surface fatigue, and in some cases, bending failures.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-09-01

Selection of a Proper Ball Size to Check an Involute Spur or Helical Cear Tooth

A much-used method for checking the tooth thickness of an involute gear tooth is to measure the dimension over two balls placed in most nearly opposite spaces in the case of external gears, and the dimension between the balls in the case of internal gears. This measurement is then checked against a pre-calculated dimension to denote an acceptable part.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-07-01

Longitudinal Load Distribution Factor for Straddle- and Overhang-Mounted Spur Gears

A pair of spur gears generally has an effective lead error which is caused, not only by manufacturing and assembling errors, but also by the deformations of shafts, bearings and housings due to the transmitted load. The longitudinal load distribution on a contact line of the teeth of the gears is not uniform because of the effective lead error.
VOICES | 1987-07-01

No Surprise

For the last few years, the market has been tough for the U.S. gear industry. That statement will cause no one any surprise. The debate is about what to do. One sure sign of this is the enormous attention Congress and the federal government are now placing on "competitiveness."
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-05-01

Rotary Gear Honing

Rotary gear honing is a hard gear finishing process that was developed to improve the sound characteristics of hardened gears by: Removing nicks and burrs; improving surface finish; and making minor corrections in tooth irregularities caused by heat-treat distortion.
VOICES | 1987-05-01

Viewpoint

Joe Arvin comments on his recent trip to Scandinavia and how U.S. defense dollars are being spent overseas. J.D. Smith responds to an article on gear noise from the previous issue.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-03-01

Checking Large Gears

Gear manufacturing schedules that provide both quality and economy are dependent on efficient quality control techniques with reliable measuring equipment. Given the multitude of possible gear deviations, which can be found only by systematic and detailed measuring of the gear teeth, adequate quality control systems are needed. This is especially true for large gears, on which remachining or rejected workpieces create very high costs. First, observation of the gears allows adjustment of the settings on the equipment right at the beginning of the process and helps to avoid unproductive working cycles. Second, the knowledge of deviations produced on the workpiece helps disclose chance inadequacies on the production side: e.g., faults in the machines and tools used, and provides an opportunity to remedy them.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1987-01-01

Gear Noise and the Sideband Phenomenon

Gear noise can be a source of intense annoyance. It is often the primary source of annoyance even when it is not the loudest noise component. This is because of the way it is perceived. Gear noise is a collection of pure tones which the human ear can detect even when they are 10dB lower than the overall noise level. Another reason for our sensitivity to transmission noise is that we associate it with impending mechanical failure.
PUBLISHER'S PAGE | 1987-01-01

Industry Shows Shift Emphasis

A change has taken place within the industry that is going to have an enormous effect on the marketing, sales, and purchasing of gear manufacturing and related equipment. This change was the American Gear Manufacturers' Association, first biennial combination technical conference and machine tool minishow.
FEATURE ARTICLES | 1986-09-01

Tooth Strength Study of Spur Planet Gears

In the design of any new gear drive, the performance of previous similar designs is very carefully considered. In the course of evaluating one such new design, the authors were faced with the task of comparing it with two similar existing systems, both of which were operating quite successfully. A problem arose, however, when it was realized that the bending stress levels of the two baselines differed substantially. In order to investigate these differences and realistically compare them to the proposed new design, a three-dimensional finite-element method (FEM) approach was applied to all three gears.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1986-07-01

Bevel Gear Development and Testing Procedure

The most conclusive test of bevel and hypoid gears is their operation under normal running conditions in their final mountings. Testing not only maintains quality and uniformity during manufacture, but also determines if the gears will be satisfactory for their intended applications.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-07-01

Effect of MoS2 Films on Scoring Resistance of Gears

Gears are currently run at high speed and under high load. It is a significant problem to develop lubricants and gears with high load-carrying capacity against scoring. The particles of molybdenum disulfide have been considered to increase the scoring resistance of the gears. The wear characteristics and the scoring resistance of the gears lubricated with MoS2 paste and MoS2 powder have been investigated. (1) However, there are few investigations on the performance of the gears coated with MoS2 film with respect to scoring.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-05-01

Generating and Checking Involute Gear Teeth

It has previously been demonstrated that one gear of an interchangeable series will rotate with another gear of the same series with proper tooth action. It is, therefore, evident that a tooth curve driven in unison with a mating blank, will "generate" in the latter the proper tooth curve to mesh with itself.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1986-05-01

Identification of Gear Noise with Single Flank Composite Measurement

Anyone involved in the design, manufacture and use of gears is concerned with three general characteristics relative to their application: noise, accuracy, and strength or surface durability. In the article, we will be dealing with probably the most aggravating of the group, gear noise.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1986-01-01

The Process of Gear Shaving

Gear shaving is a free-cutting gear finishing operation which removes small amounts of metal from the working surfaces of the gear teeth. Its purpose is to correct errors in index, helical angle, tooth profile and eccentricity. The process can also improve tooth surface finish and eliminate, by crowned tooth forms, the danger of tooth end load concentrations in service. Shaving provides for form modifications that reduce gear noise. These modifications can also increase the gear's load carrying capacity, its factor of safety and its service life.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-11-01

Calculation of Slow Speed Wear of Lubricated Gears

On gear drives running with pitch line velocities below 0.5 m/s so called slow speed wear is often observed. To solve some problems, extensive laboratory test work was started 10 years ago. A total of circ. 300,000 h running time on FZG back-to-back test rigs have been run in this speed range.
VOICES | 1985-09-01

Industry Forum

Your May/June issue contains a letter from Edward Ubert of Rockwell International with some serious questions about specifying and measuring tooth thickness.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-09-01

Single Flank Data Analysis and Interpretation

Much of the information in this article has been extracted from an AGMA Technical Paper, "What Single Flank Testing Can Do For You", presented in 1984 by the author
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-07-01

Dynamic Analysis of Straight and Involute Tooth Form

The effect of load speed on straight and involute tooth forms is studied using several finite-element models.
VOICES | 1985-07-01

Industry Forum

In response to Ed Uberts letter, we have come a long way in gearing since WWII. The Europeans do use long addendum pinions in many cases. This modification does improve load capacity, sliding conditions and the working life of a gearset. When modifying a pinion tooth it is necessary to modify the gear tooth or adjust the center distance accordingly but we will leave that to the designers.
VOICES | 1985-05-01

Industry Forum

This letter is in response to your article asking the readers where their interests lie. The division of Rockwell International where I work has engineering departments in Cicero.
INDUSTRY NEWS | 1985-05-01

Gear Inspection and Chart Interpretation

Much information has been written on gear inspection, analytical. functional. semiautomatic and automatic. In most cases, the charts, (if you are lucky enough to have recording equipment) have been explained.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-03-01

Involute Spline Size Inspection

This article describes a new technique for the size determination of external Involute splines by using a span measuring method. It provides application performance information demonstrating how this method and its measurements correlate with the traditional spline ring gage sizing method.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1985-01-01

High Power Transmission with Case-hardened Gears and Internal Power Branching

In the field of large power transmission gear units for heavy machine industry, the following two development trends have been highly influential: use of case hardened gears and a branching of the power flow through two or more ways.
VOICES | 1984-10-01

Single-Flank Testing

It was very interesting to see Robert Smith's article on single-flank testing of gears...
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1984-08-01

Identification and Correction of Damaging Resonances in Gear Drives

As a result of extensive research into the vibration characteristics of gear drives, a systematic approach has evolved, by which damaging resonances can be eliminated. The method combines finite element techniques with experimental signature and modal analyses. Implementation of the bulk of the method can be carried out early in the design stage. A step-by-step description of the approach, as it was applied to an existing accessory drive, is given in the text. It is shown how premature bearing failures were eliminated by detuning the torsional oscillations of a gearshaft. A dramatic reduction in vibration levels was achieved as a result of detuning the problem gear. The proposed approach can be extended to other types of rotating machines.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1984-05-01

Single Flank Testing of Gears

Presumably, everyone who would be interested in this subject is already somewhat familiar with testing of gears by traditional means. Three types of gear inspection are in common use: 1) measurement of gear elements and relationships, 2) tooth contact pattern checks and 3) rolling composite checks. Single Flank testing falls into this last category, as does the more familiar Double Flank test.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1984-05-01

CNC Controlled CBN Form Grinding

Borazon is a superabrasive material originally developed by General Electric in 1969. It is a high performance material for machining of high alloy ferrous and super alloy materials. Borazon CBN - Cubic Born Nitride - is manufactured with a high temperature, high pressure process similar to that utilized with man-made diamond. Borazon is, next to diamond, the hardest abrasive known; it is more than twice as hard as aluminum oxide. It has an extremely high thermal strength compared to diamond. It is also much less chemically reactive with iron, cobalt or nickel alloys.
TECHNICAL ARTICLES | 1984-05-01

Optimum Number of Teeth for Span Measurement

An expression is derived, giving the optimum number of teeth over which the span measurement should be made, for profile-shifted spur and helical gears.
[advertisement]