The toothed belt and pulley system known by the designation T, which has been selected as an example within this paper, was developed in the 1950s and standardized first in DIN 7721 (1977) and then in ISO 17396:2014. In this case study, the authors check if a single hob can properly cut T5 profile pulleys with 25 and 30 teeth—and if
so, define the range of the number of teeth covered by this hob.

This investigation reviews calculations using ISO/TS 6336-22 Method A and Method B, comparing the calculations against field results. Extensive reviews were made of geometry, surface roughness, load conditions, and lubricant conditions to best understand the influences of micropitting on each example and the applicability of the calculations to the results.

For the research developed in this work, an existing simulation model of the generating gear grinding process based on a penetration calculation approach is used. Further, an extension of the model considering a realistic modeling of the grinding worm topography and the macro movements of the grinding worm during the process is presented. The result of the simulation is the microinteraction characteristics throughout
the grinding of the gear flank. In the end, the information about microinteraction characteristics obtained will be used for the calculation of force and energy in generating gear grinding.

In the present paper, a spline-joint design and the extension of a back-to-back test rig were presented, which enable the testing of crowned spline-joints under high rotational speed, medium torque, high test temperature, and angular misalignments.

The closed-loop concept has become widespread in recent years, especially in relation to the Industry 4.0 concept. The term “closed loop” will be used herein to refer to the pairing of specifications and checking (Figure 1) which all ISO standards, starting with ISO 1, the “mother” of all standards, use in relation to GPS (Geometrical Product Specifications).

The conjugacy of meshing gears is one of the most important attributes of gears because it ensures a constant velocity ratio that gives smooth, uniform transmission of motion and torque. Some of the world’s greatest gear theoreticians like Earle Buckingham, Wells Coleman, and John Colbourne laid the foundation for understanding conjugacy. Their teachings and interpretations of the law of gearing have been used by generations of gear engineers to design and manufacture gear transmissions for almost everything that is mechanically actuated. 

In modern automotive vehicles, gear noise becomes more and more of an issue. The main reason is the reduced masking noise of the engine, which vanishes completely in the case of an electric driveline. Improved gear quality unfortunately does not correlate with a better noise performance in any case. High gear quality makes sure that the gear flanks are inside tight tolerances and that all teeth are nearly identical. Even if the running behavior of such gear sets shows a very low sound pressure level, the noise perception for human ears may be annoying.

Mechanical power loss in gears is generated through sliding and rolling of the contact resulting in frictional work and elastic hysteresis generation of heat. This action is both a parasitic loss of energy from the drivetrain and a source of engineering costs to control system temperature to avoid heat-related failures of the gearbox components. Therefore, from both a cost and durability standpoint it is of great interest to minimize the frictional losses at the gear tooth contact interface.

Due to near-net shape production, additive-manufactured (AM) gears have a high potential to decrease costs and increase resource efficiency. The decreasing product life cycles as well as the increasing individualization of components demand high flexibility in manufacturing processes

Variable loads resulting from a working process, starting process, or operation near a critical speed will cause varying stresses at the gear teeth of a drive system. The magnitude and frequency of these loads depend upon the driven machine, the motor, the dynamic mass elastic properties of the system, and other effects.